A nurse is teaching a group of middle adult clients about osteoporosis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include?
Prolonged sun exposure.
Reduced intake of vitamin E.
Drinking one glass of wine per day.
Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A rationale:
Prolonged sun exposure is a risk factor for osteoporosis because it can lead to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, and low levels of vitamin D can contribute to reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures.
Choice B rationale:
Reduced intake of vitamin E is not a well-established risk factor for osteoporosis. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and plays a role in various bodily processes, but its association with osteoporosis is not supported by strong evidence.
Choice C rationale:
Drinking one glass of wine per day is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. In fact, moderate alcohol consumption has been suggested to have a protective effect on bone density in some studies.
Choice D rationale:
Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke have been linked to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures, making this an important point to include in the teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The nurse should not instruct the client to administer enoxaparin to the leg muscle. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin that should be administered subcutaneously, typically in the abdomen or thigh, but not into the muscle.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct choice because before administering enoxaparin, the nurse should instruct the client to expel the excess air from the syringe. Leaving air bubbles in the syringe can result in incorrect dosing and potential harm to the client.
Choice C rationale:
The nurse should not advise the client to insert the entire needle into the skin to administer the medication. Enoxaparin is given subcutaneously, which means the needle should only be inserted into the subcutaneous tissue, not entirely through the skin.
Choice D rationale:
The nurse should not tell the client to take ibuprofen for fever following the administration of enoxaparin. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots and is not related to fever management.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Instructing the client to take deep breaths during the test is not appropriate for a thoracentesis. This procedure involves the insertion of a needle into the pleural space to drain fluid or air, and taking deep breaths could interfere with the accuracy and safety of the procedure.
Choice B rationale:
Assisting the client to a prone position prior to the test is also incorrect. During a thoracentesis, the client is usually seated upright or in a slightly forward-leaning position to allow better access to the pleural space and improve breathing.
Choice C rationale:
Informing the client that the new onset of a cough is expected following the test is not accurate. While a cough can be a possible side effect, it is not a common or expected outcome of a thoracentesis.
Choice D rationale:
Applying pressure to the client's puncture site after the test is complete is the correct action. This helps to prevent bleeding and reduce the risk of pneumothorax (collapsed lung) by promoting clot formation at the site of the needle insertion.
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