A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)

Recovery phase.

Diuretic phase.

Initiation phase.

Oliguric phase.

End phase.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Recovery phase: The recovery phase occurs after the oliguric phase and is characterized by the gradual improvement of renal function. During this phase, diuresis may occur as the kidneys begin to excrete waste and excess fluid more effectively.

B. Diuretic phase: The diuretic phase follows the oliguric phase and is characterized by increased urine output as the kidneys start to recover and regain their ability to concentrate urine. This phase can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration if not managed properly.

C. Initiation phase: The initiation phase marks the onset of acute renal failure and is characterized by the initial insult or injury to the kidneys. This phase may be triggered by various factors such as hypotension, nephrotoxic medications, or sepsis.

D. Oliguric phase: The oliguric phase is the initial phase of acute renal failure and is characterized by decreased urine output (<400 mL/day). During this phase, waste products and electrolytes may accumulate in the body, leading to metabolic acidosis and fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism. It occurs as the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygenation and increased carbon dioxide levels resulting from impaired blood flow to the lungs. Tachypnea helps to improve gas exchange by increasing ventilation.

B. Wet cough: A wet or productive cough may occur in conditions such as pneumonia or chronic bronchitis but is not typically associated with pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is more commonly characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and tachypnea.

C. Dull chest pain: Chest pain associated with pulmonary embolism is often sharp and pleuritic, meaning it worsens with deep breathing or coughing. It may be described as stabbing or like a "knife-like" sensation. Dull chest pain is not a typical finding in pulmonary embolism.

D. Episodes of apnea: While severe cases of pulmonary embolism can lead to respiratory failure and apnea, it is not a common presenting symptom. Most clients with pulmonary embolism will exhibit tachypnea as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate oxygenation.

A. Grilled chicken, white rice, sliced peaches. B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatballs, and garlic bread. C. Fried shrimp, cauliflower, yogurt with granola. D. Grilled salmon, brown rice, broccoli.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Grilled chicken, white rice, sliced peaches: While grilled chicken is a lean protein source, white rice is low in fiber and may not be the best choice for someone experiencing severe diarrhea. Sliced peaches are a good fruit choice, but the meal lacks sufficient fiber and other nutrients.

B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatballs, and garlic bread: This meal contains high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods, which may exacerbate diarrhea. Tomato sauce can be acidic and irritating to the digestive system for some individuals.

C. Fried shrimp, cauliflower, yogurt with granola: Fried foods are high in fat and may worsen diarrhea. Cauliflower is a good vegetable choice, but yogurt with granola may not be well- tolerated if the client is lactose intolerant or sensitive to dairy products.

D. Grilled salmon, brown rice, broccoli: Grilled salmon provides lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which can be beneficial for overall health. Brown rice is higher in fiber compared to white rice and can help regulate bowel movements. Broccoli is a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. This meal is well-balanced and nutritious, making it a suitable choice for someone experiencing diarrhea.

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A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)

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Correct Answer is D

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