A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)
Recovery phase.
Diuretic phase.
Initiation phase.
Oliguric phase.
End phase.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Recovery phase: The recovery phase occurs after the oliguric phase and is characterized by the gradual improvement of renal function. During this phase, diuresis may occur as the kidneys begin to excrete waste and excess fluid more effectively.
B. Diuretic phase: The diuretic phase follows the oliguric phase and is characterized by increased urine output as the kidneys start to recover and regain their ability to concentrate urine. This phase can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration if not managed properly.
C. Initiation phase: The initiation phase marks the onset of acute renal failure and is characterized by the initial insult or injury to the kidneys. This phase may be triggered by various factors such as hypotension, nephrotoxic medications, or sepsis.
D. Oliguric phase: The oliguric phase is the initial phase of acute renal failure and is characterized by decreased urine output (<400 mL/day). During this phase, waste products and electrolytes may accumulate in the body, leading to metabolic acidosis and fluid overload.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Wheezing in all lung fields may indicate respiratory issues but does not directly support the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume.
B. Pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities is a classic sign of fluid overload, which directly supports the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume.
C. An oral fluid intake of 2000 mL in 24 hours is within normal limits for an adult and does not necessarily indicate Excess Fluid Volume without other symptoms.
D. Significant fatigue for more than one month could be related to a variety of conditions and is too nonspecific to support the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume without additional assessment data.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Confusion and restlessness: Confusion and restlessness can indicate changes in cerebral perfusion as the body begins to shut down. These signs may occur as death approaches.
B. Increased appetite and thirst: Increased appetite and thirst are less likely as death approaches.
In fact, clients often have decreased appetite and thirst as the body's systems slow down.
C. Increase in urinary and bowel output: As death approaches, urinary and bowel output typically decrease as the body's metabolic processes slow down.
D. Increased fatigue and sleep: Increased fatigue and sleepiness are common as death approaches. The body's energy levels decrease, leading to increased periods of sleep and rest.
E. Excess secretions in the throat and decrease swallow reflex: Excess secretions in the throat and a decrease in the swallow reflex can occur as the body's ability to manage secretions diminishes. This can lead to a gurgling sound in the throat known as the death rattle.
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