A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)
Recovery phase.
Diuretic phase.
Initiation phase.
Oliguric phase.
End phase.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Recovery phase: The recovery phase occurs after the oliguric phase and is characterized by the gradual improvement of renal function. During this phase, diuresis may occur as the kidneys begin to excrete waste and excess fluid more effectively.
B. Diuretic phase: The diuretic phase follows the oliguric phase and is characterized by increased urine output as the kidneys start to recover and regain their ability to concentrate urine. This phase can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration if not managed properly.
C. Initiation phase: The initiation phase marks the onset of acute renal failure and is characterized by the initial insult or injury to the kidneys. This phase may be triggered by various factors such as hypotension, nephrotoxic medications, or sepsis.
D. Oliguric phase: The oliguric phase is the initial phase of acute renal failure and is characterized by decreased urine output (<400 mL/day). During this phase, waste products and electrolytes may accumulate in the body, leading to metabolic acidosis and fluid overload.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Obtain pulse oximetry every two hours: While monitoring oxygen saturation is important in assessing respiratory status, it is not a direct intervention for preventing atelectasis. It is more of an assessment tool to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing atelectasis.
B. Teach the client how to use the incentive spirometer: Incentive spirometry is a valuable tool for preventing atelectasis postoperatively by promoting deep breathing and lung expansion. Teaching the client how to use the incentive spirometer and encouraging its frequent use can help maintain lung volume and prevent collapse of alveoli.
C. Instruct the client to practice abdominal breathing: While abdominal breathing can be beneficial for promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety, it is not as effective as incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis postoperatively.
D. Encourage oral fluid intake of 2000 mL/24 hours: Adequate hydration is important for overall health and respiratory function, but it is not specifically targeted at preventing atelectasis. While hydration can help maintain airway secretions thin, it is not the primary intervention for preventing atelectasis after a lobectomy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing
hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.
B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.
C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
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