A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should assess for which potential adverse effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy?

GI intolerance and neutropenia

T-cell count of 500 and diarrhea

Anorexia and constipation

Bone demineralization and thrush

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. GI intolerance and neutropenia: Antiretroviral therapy can cause gastrointestinal intolerance, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophil count, can also occur as a side effect of some antiretroviral medications.

B. T-cell count of 500 and diarrhea: While diarrhea can be a side effect of antiretroviral therapy, a T-cell count of 500 is not necessarily an adverse effect and may indicate effective treatment.

C. Anorexia and constipation: Anorexia and constipation are not commonly associated with antiretroviral therapy. However, gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea are more common.

D. Bone demineralization and thrush: Bone demineralization (osteoporosis) can occur as a long- term complication of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, but it is not a direct adverse effect of antiretroviral medications. Thrush (oral candidiasis) can occur in HIV-infected individuals, but it is not specifically related to antiretroviral therapy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I will be placing electrodes on your breasts": This statement is incorrect and may cause unnecessary concern or discomfort for the client. Electrodes for a 12-lead electrocardiogram are typically placed on the chest, not the breasts.

B. "I will lower the head of your bed so you can lie flat": This statement may be relevant for certain procedures but is not specific to applying electrode gel pads for a 12-lead electrocardiogram.

C. "Relax and try not to move or speak once I have attached the gel pads": This instruction is essential for obtaining a clear and accurate electrocardiogram recording. Movement or talking during the procedure can interfere with the quality of the tracing.

D. "Try to hold your breath until this procedure is complete": This instruction is unnecessary and could cause discomfort or anxiety for the client. There is no need for the client to hold their breath during a standard electrocardiogram procedure.

A. Tachypnea. B. Wet cough. C. Dull chest pain. D. Episodes of apnea.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism. It occurs as the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygenation and increased carbon dioxide levels resulting from impaired blood flow to the lungs. Tachypnea helps to improve gas exchange by increasing ventilation.

B. Wet cough: A wet or productive cough may occur in conditions such as pneumonia or chronic bronchitis but is not typically associated with pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is more commonly characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and tachypnea.

C. Dull chest pain: Chest pain associated with pulmonary embolism is often sharp and pleuritic, meaning it worsens with deep breathing or coughing. It may be described as stabbing or like a "knife-like" sensation. Dull chest pain is not a typical finding in pulmonary embolism.

D. Episodes of apnea: While severe cases of pulmonary embolism can lead to respiratory failure and apnea, it is not a common presenting symptom. Most clients with pulmonary embolism will exhibit tachypnea as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate oxygenation.

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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should assess for which potential adverse effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client while applying the electrode gel pads?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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