A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for aortic stenosis. What statement by the client during the nurse's interview is most suggestive of this valvular disorder?

"I get chest pain from time to time, but it usually resolves with rest."

"Sometimes when I'm resting, I can feel my heart skip a beat."

"My feet and ankles have gotten very puffy the last few weeks."

"Whenever I do any form of exercise, I get very short of breath."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "I get chest pain from time to time, but it usually resolves with rest.": While chest pain (angina) can occur with aortic stenosis, it is not as specific as the symptom described in option D. Angina could be related to various other cardiac conditions, including coronary artery disease.

B. "Sometimes when I'm resting, I can feel my heart skip a beat.": Palpitations or feeling like the heart skips a beat are common in many cardiac arrhythmias but are not specifically indicative of aortic stenosis.

C. "My feet and ankles have gotten very puffy the last few weeks.": Edema (puffy feet and ankles) is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure or other conditions like chronic venous insufficiency, not specifically aortic stenosis.

D. "Whenever I do any form of exercise, I get very short of breath.": Dyspnea on exertion is a classic symptom of aortic stenosis. It occurs because the narrowed aortic valve obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, reducing cardiac output and causing exertional symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. GI intolerance and neutropenia: Antiretroviral therapy can cause gastrointestinal intolerance, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophil count, can also occur as a side effect of some antiretroviral medications.

B. T-cell count of 500 and diarrhea: While diarrhea can be a side effect of antiretroviral therapy, a T-cell count of 500 is not necessarily an adverse effect and may indicate effective treatment.

C. Anorexia and constipation: Anorexia and constipation are not commonly associated with antiretroviral therapy. However, gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea are more common.

D. Bone demineralization and thrush: Bone demineralization (osteoporosis) can occur as a long- term complication of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, but it is not a direct adverse effect of antiretroviral medications. Thrush (oral candidiasis) can occur in HIV-infected individuals, but it is not specifically related to antiretroviral therapy.

A. Assess the insertion site. B. Keep the client NPO for 4 hr. C. Keep the affected leg slightly flexed. D. Elevate the head of the bed 45°.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Assess the insertion site: Assessing the insertion site for bleeding, hematoma, or signs of infection is the priority action because complications at the insertion site can occur post- procedure and require immediate attention.

B. Keep the client NPO for 4 hr: Keeping the client NPO is not typically necessary after a cardiac catheterization unless there are specific orders or complications.

C. Keep the affected leg slightly flexed: The affected leg should actually be kept straight to prevent bleeding from the insertion site.

D. Elevate the head of the bed 45°: The head of the bed should usually be kept flat or only slightly elevated to reduce the risk of bleeding from the femoral site.

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A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for aortic stenosis. What statement by the client during the nurse's interview is most suggestive of this valvular disorder?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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