A nurse is teaching a client about the causes of osteoporosis. The nurse should include which of the following types of medication therapy as a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Cardiac glycosides

Thyroid hormones

Anticoagulants

NSAIDs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Cardiac glycosides are primarily used to treat heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. They do not typically affect bone density or contribute to osteoporosis.

Choice B reason: Thyroid hormones can increase the risk of osteoporosis, especially if taken in excess. Over-replacement of thyroid hormone can accelerate bone loss, leading to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.

Choice C reason: Anticoagulants are used to prevent blood clots but are not generally associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Their primary side effects are related to bleeding and bruising.

Choice D reason: NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are used to reduce inflammation and pain. They do not typically affect bone density or contribute to osteoporosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administer a test dose first

Administering a test dose is not typically required for theophylline. Theophylline dosing is usually based on the patient’s weight and serum theophylline levels. A test dose is more commonly associated with medications that have a high risk of allergic reactions or require desensitization protocols, which is not the case with theophylline.

Choice B reason: Infuse the medication with an IV pump

Using an IV pump to infuse theophylline is essential to ensure accurate and controlled delivery of the medication. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic range, and precise dosing is crucial to avoid toxicity. An IV pump allows for consistent infusion rates, reducing the risk of adverse effects. This is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take.

Choice C reason: Cover the IV container with dark paper

There is no need to cover the IV container with dark paper when administering theophylline. Theophylline is not light-sensitive, so this precaution is unnecessary. Covering IV containers is typically done for medications that degrade when exposed to light, such as certain antibiotics and chemotherapy agents.

Choice D reason: Infuse the medication at 35 mg/min

Infusing theophylline at a rate of 35 mg/min is excessively high and could lead to severe toxicity. The infusion rate for theophylline should be carefully calculated based on the patient’s weight and serum levels, and it is typically much lower than 35 mg/min. Rapid infusion can cause serious side effects, including arrhythmias and seizures.

Correct Answer is ["675"]

Explanation

Step 1: Convert the client’s weight from pounds to kilograms. 198 lb ÷ 2.2 = 90 kg

Result: 90 kg

Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose of vancomycin. 15 mg × 90 kg = 1350 mg/day

Result: 1350 mg/day

Step 3: Divide the total daily dose by 2 to get the dose per administration (since it is given every 12 hours). 1350 mg/day ÷ 2 = 675 mg

Result: 675 mg

Final Answer: The nurse should administer 675 mg of vancomycin with each dose.

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A nurse is teaching a client about the causes of osteoporosis. The nurse should include which of the following types of medication therapy as a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an emergency department is preparing to administer theophylline by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion to a client who is experiencing an asthma attack. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin 15 mg/kg/day divided equally every 12 hours. The client weighs 198 lb. How many mg should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["675"]

Explanation

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