A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Smoking
Bacteria
Diuretics
Aging
Obesity
Correct Answer : A,D,E
A. Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees and hips. Smoking may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, which can exacerbate joint damage.
D. Aging is a significant risk factor for osteoarthritis. As individuals age, the cartilage in their joints may naturally deteriorate over time, leading to the development of osteoarthritis.
E. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Excess body weight places increased stress on the joints, leading to accelerated wear and tear of the joint cartilage.
B. Bacteria are not typically associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is primarily a non-inflammatory condition related to wear and tear on the joints rather than an infectious process.
C. Diuretics are medications used to treat conditions such as hypertension and edema by increasing urine output. There is no direct evidence linking diuretic use to the development of osteoarthritis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Tachypnea is a classic early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome. Fat emboli can travel to the lungs and obstruct blood flow, leading to respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Tachypnea is the body's response to hypoxemia, as it attempts to increase oxygen intake by breathing more rapidly.
A. Swelling of the calf can occur with conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but it is not typically an early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome.
B. tachycardia is more commonly seen due to the body's response to decreased oxygen levels and increased demand on the cardiovascular system.
C. Hypertension is not typically associated with fat embolism syndrome. Instead, hypotension can occur due to decreased cardiac output and systemic vasodilation in severe cases of fat embolism syndrome.
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
C. Education about the benefits of pain management, including how analgesics can improve postoperative activity levels by reducing pain and discomfort, helps to promote the patient's understanding and engagement in their own care.
D. Nurses should closely monitor the patient for both therapeutic effects and adverse effects of opioid administration when using PCA or any other opioid analgesic. Regular assessment allows for prompt identification and management of any complications or side effects.
A. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is designed for the patient to self-administer pain medication according to their own needs and pain levels.
B. Opioid dosing should be individualized based on the patient's pain level and response to the medication. Some patients may require ongoing opioid analgesia for more than two days postoperatively, while others may be able to transition to alternative pain management strategies sooner.
E. Concerns about opioid addiction should not be assumed in all patients, especially those who have never received opioids before. Instead, the focus should be on assessing the patient's pain levels, response to pain medication, and any adverse effects.
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