A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inﬂammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inﬂammatory response?

Inﬂammatory cells are activated

Release of inﬂammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein

Inﬂammatory pathways are triggered

Recognition of harmful stimuli by patern receptors on cell surfaces

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The first step in the inﬂammatory response is the recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surfaces of various cells, including immune cells and non-immune cells. PRRs recognize specific patterns associated with pathogens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), among others. This recognition leads to the activation of signaling pathways that promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells and the release of inﬂammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.

Once the PRRs recognize the harmful stimuli, inﬂammatory cells are activated, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells then release inﬂammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, which promote the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and further amplify the inﬂammatory response. Inﬂammatory pathways are also triggered, leading to the production of various inﬂammatory mediators and the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the inﬂammatory response.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse should include information about how bathing in warm water can help decrease stress levels. Warm water can help relax the muscles and promote a sense of calmness and relaxation, which can help reduce stress levels.

A. Vigorously brush the client’s teeth B. Turn the client to the side C. Hold the toothbrush at a 90-degree angle D. Place two fingers in the client’s mouth

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Turning the client to the side can help prevent aspiration while performing oral care on an unconscious patient.

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A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inﬂammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inﬂammatory response?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a class about the eﬀects of bathing in warm water. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is performing oral care for a client who is unconscious. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A nurse is assessing a client for manifestations of pain. Which of the following findings is an objective indicator of pain?

A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inﬂammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inﬂammatory response?

A nurse is preparing to obtain an electronic blood pressure measurement on a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A nurse is assessing a client who is a professional athlete. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for a client who has an irregular heart rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who acquired a Staphylococcus aureus infection from touching a contaminated towel. Through which of the following modes of transmission did the client acquire the infection?

A nurse is planning to perform foot care for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?