A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inflammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inflammatory response?
Inflammatory cells are activated
Release of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein
Inflammatory pathways are triggered
Recognition of harmful stimuli by patern receptors on cell surfaces
The Correct Answer is D
The first step in the inflammatory response is the recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surfaces of various cells, including immune cells and non-immune cells. PRRs recognize specific patterns associated with pathogens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), among others. This recognition leads to the activation of signaling pathways that promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.
Once the PRRs recognize the harmful stimuli, inflammatory cells are activated, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells then release inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, which promote the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and further amplify the inflammatory response. Inflammatory pathways are also triggered, leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators and the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Opioid toxicity can cause difficulties with breathing and an opioid overdose can lead to death1. A respiratory rate of 10/min is considered low and could be a sign of opioid toxicity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The client acquired the infection through indirect contact transmission by touching a contaminated towel. Indirect contact transmission occurs when a person comes into contact with an object or surface that has been contaminated with infectious agents.
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