A nurse is assessing a client who was brought to the emergency department with an ankle injury.
Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as localized inflammation of the tissues?

This is because the cognitive domain of learning involves knowledge and understanding of information. By stating 3 ways to avoid his triggers, the patient demonstrates that he has learned and comprehended the information about prevention of inflammation.

Choice A is wrong because it belongs to the psychomotor domain of learning, which reflects learning behavior achieved through neuromuscular motor activities. Checking blood sugar is a physical skill, not a cognitive one.

Choice B is wrong because it belongs to the affective domain of learning, which characterizes the emotional arena reflected by learners’ beliefs, values and interests.

Discussing feelings about dietary changes is an affective outcome, not a cognitive one.

Choice D is wrong because it also belongs to the psychomotor domain of learning, as it involves demonstrating proper use of inhaler, which is another physical skill.

This is because fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Fibromyalgia often co-exists with other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraine and other types of headaches. One of the main symptoms of fibromyalgia is widespread pain that has lasted for at least three months. To be considered widespread, the pain must occur on both sides of your body and above and below your waist. The pain could also be felt in specific areas called tender points. These are places on the body where even light pressure causes pain. There are 18 possible tender points on the body. Having pain in at least 11 of these points is one way to help diagnose fibromyalgia.

Choice A is wrong because chronic ocular pain related to stress, fatigue, and certain triggers is not a typical symptom of fibromyalgia.

Ocular pain is more likely to be caused by other conditions, such as dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, or eye infections.

Choice B is wrong because pain and sensitivity in the upper extremities and neck are not enough to indicate fibromyalgia. The pain must be widespread and affect both sides of the body and above and below the waist. Choice C is wrong because dull joint pain that accompanies physical exertion and which is relieved with rest is not a characteristic of fibromyalgia. The pain associated with fibromyalgia is often described as a constant dull ache that does not improve with rest. It may also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and sleep problems.