A nurse is teaching a class about expected physiological changes in older adult clients.
Which of the following changes should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale:

Spirituality can increase feelings of hopelessness. This statement is not accurate. In many cases, spirituality can provide comfort, support, and a sense of hope for individuals who are nearing the end of life. Many people turn to their faith and spirituality as a source of strength and consolation during difficult times.

Choice B rationale:

Spirituality can increase the desire to hasten death. This statement is not generally true. Spirituality often has the opposite effect by providing a sense of purpose and meaning in life, which can help individuals find reasons to continue living. While some individuals may grapple with complex feelings related to death, it's not a typical outcome of embracing spirituality.

Choice C rationale:

Spirituality can increase depression. This statement is not accurate. Spirituality can actually serve as a source of emotional support and resilience for individuals facing the end of life. It can help individuals cope with their emotions and provide a sense of peace and comfort.

Choice D rationale:

Spirituality can increase the quality of life. This statement is correct. Spirituality often plays a positive role in the lives of individuals nearing the end of life. It can enhance the quality of life by providing emotional and psychological support, promoting a sense of purpose, and helping individuals find comfort and peace during this challenging time.

Choice A rationale:

Dysphagia is a difficulty or discomfort with swallowing and is not a complication of diverticulitis. Diverticulitis typically involves inflammation or infection of diverticula in the colon and may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits, but dysphagia is not a characteristic feature.

Choice B rationale:

Ulcerative colitis is a distinct inflammatory bowel disease and is not a complication of diverticulitis. These conditions have different causes and affect different parts of the digestive tract. While both conditions can cause abdominal discomfort, they are not directly related.

Choice C rationale:

Peritonitis is a potential complication of diverticulitis. When diverticula become infected and rupture, they can spill their contents into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis, which is an inflammation of the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity). This condition can be life-threatening and requires prompt medical intervention.

Choice D rationale:

Crohn's disease is a separate inflammatory bowel disease and is not a complication of diverticulitis. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, whereas diverticulitis typically occurs in the colon. They have distinct clinical features and treatment approaches. .