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A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about diabetic retinopathy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client?

A.

"Clouding of the lens is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.

B.

"It is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure.”.

C.

"Have an eye exam every 2 years.”.

D.

"Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is d. "Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy."

Choice A rationale:

  • Clouding of the lens is not a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. It is a characteristic of cataracts, a condition that involves a different eye structure and has a different etiology.
  • Diabetic retinopathy specifically affects the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. It does not directly involve the lens.
  • It's crucial to clarify this distinction for the client to ensure accurate understanding of their condition and potential symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

  • Increased intraocular pressure is not the cause of diabetic retinopathy. It is the primary feature of glaucoma, another eye condition with distinct causes and consequences.
  • Diabetic retinopathy is primarily driven by damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to prolonged high blood sugar levels.
  • Explaining this difference to the client can help prevent confusion and promote appropriate preventive measures.

Choice C rationale:

  • While regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy, the recommended frequency is more often than every 2 years.
  • The American Diabetes Association recommends that individuals with diabetes have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least annually.
  • More frequent exams may be necessary depending on the individual's risk factors and the severity of their diabetes.

Choice D rationale:

  • Seeing spots is a common and significant symptom of diabetic retinopathy. It occurs when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid or bleed, causing disruptions in vision.
  • Other potential symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include:
    • Blurred vision
    • Floaters (dark specks or strings that move across the visual field)
    • Difficulty seeing at night or in low light
    • Loss of central vision
    • Distortion of colors
    • Blind spots


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Administering a scheduled pain medication for a client who is in pain is an act of beneficence rather than autonomy. Beneficence focuses on doing good for the patient, while autonomy involves respecting the patient's right to make choices about their care.

Choice B rationale:

Fulfilling a promise to a client to return with their pain medication is related to veracity and accountability rather than autonomy. Autonomy pertains to the patient's ability to make choices regarding their care.

Choice D rationale:

Providing nonpharmacological pain interventions equally to all clients is related to justice and fairness rather than autonomy. Autonomy involves respecting an individual's right to make decisions about their treatment. Now, let's move on to the next question.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Trust vs. Mistrust is the first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and typically occurs in infancy. It is characterized by the child's development of trust or mistrust based on the caregiver's reliability and care. This stage is not relevant to an adolescent who is rebelling against caregivers and spending more time with friends.

Choice B rationale:

Identity vs. Role Confusion is the stage of Erikson's theory that corresponds to adolescence. During this stage, adolescents seek to establish a sense of identity and may experiment with different roles and behaviors. They often question who they are and what they want to become. Rebelling against caregivers and seeking independence are common characteristics of this stage.

Choice C rationale:

Integrity vs. Despair is the final stage of Erikson's theory and occurs in late adulthood. It involves reflecting on one's life and coming to terms with the choices made. It is not relevant to the situation of an adolescent client.

Choice D rationale:

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is the stage that typically occurs in early childhood, where children are developing a sense of independence and autonomy. This stage is not relevant to the adolescent client's experience of rebellion and seeking autonomy.

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