A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about diabetic retinopathy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client?
"Clouding of the lens is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.
"It is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure.”.
"Have an eye exam every 2 years.”.
"Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is d. "Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy."
Choice A rationale:
- Clouding of the lens is not a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. It is a characteristic of cataracts, a condition that involves a different eye structure and has a different etiology.
- Diabetic retinopathy specifically affects the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. It does not directly involve the lens.
- It's crucial to clarify this distinction for the client to ensure accurate understanding of their condition and potential symptoms.
Choice B rationale:
- Increased intraocular pressure is not the cause of diabetic retinopathy. It is the primary feature of glaucoma, another eye condition with distinct causes and consequences.
- Diabetic retinopathy is primarily driven by damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to prolonged high blood sugar levels.
- Explaining this difference to the client can help prevent confusion and promote appropriate preventive measures.
Choice C rationale:
- While regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy, the recommended frequency is more often than every 2 years.
- The American Diabetes Association recommends that individuals with diabetes have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least annually.
- More frequent exams may be necessary depending on the individual's risk factors and the severity of their diabetes.
Choice D rationale:
- Seeing spots is a common and significant symptom of diabetic retinopathy. It occurs when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid or bleed, causing disruptions in vision.
- Other potential symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include:
- Blurred vision
- Floaters (dark specks or strings that move across the visual field)
- Difficulty seeing at night or in low light
- Loss of central vision
- Distortion of colors
- Blind spots
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
An increase in skin thinning is not a typical age-related change in the skin. In older adults, skin tends to become thinner due to a decrease in subcutaneous tissue, making it more fragile and susceptible to damage.
Choice B rationale:
An increase in skin elasticity is not a common characteristic of aging skin. In fact, older adults often experience a decrease in skin elasticity, leading to wrinkles and sagging skin.
Choice D rationale:
While there may be changes in blood supply to the skin as people age, an increase in blood supply is not a well-established or typical age-related change. Decreased blood flow to the skin is more common in older adults.
Choice E rationale:
Decrease in skin hydration is a common age-related change, but it's not the most significant change mentioned in the question. The primary focus in older adults is the decrease in subcutaneous tissue, which has a more direct impact on skin health.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes several stages, and in the stage of the social contract, individuals begin to challenge rules and laws that they believe infringe upon the rights of others. This stage is characterized by the development of a sense of justice and social responsibility. Individuals in this stage may question laws and rules that they see as unjust and work towards changing them in favor of the greater good.
Choice B rationale:
Law and order is a stage in Kohlberg's theory where individuals prioritize following the established laws and rules of society. They may not necessarily challenge these rules, as their primary concern is maintaining order and obedience to authority.
Choice C rationale:
Punishment and obedience is one of the earlier stages in Kohlberg's theory, where individuals focus on avoiding punishment and obeying authority figures. This stage does not involve challenging rules for the sake of protecting the rights of others.
Choice D rationale:
Good boy-nice girl is a stage where individuals seek approval and avoid disapproval from others. They tend to conform to societal expectations and do not necessarily challenge rules that may impinge on the rights of others.
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