A nurse is screening a client for cancer risk factors. The nurse records that the client is a 65-year-old male, clinically obese with a BMI of 31, has a history of past smoking, and drinks moderately. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for prostate cancer?

Choice A reason: The use of a colostomy bag is expected following surgery for colorectal cancer that involves the creation of a stoma. This does not indicate a complication.
Choice B reason: A loss of appetite is common after major surgery and can be managed with nutritional support and gradual reintroduction of food.
Choice C reason: Absent bowel sounds in the lower abdominal quadrants could indicate a paralytic ileus or bowel obstruction, which are serious complications requiring immediate intervention to prevent further issues such as bowel ischemia.
Choice D reason: Mild pain at the surgical site is expected and can be managed with prescribed pain medications. It does not indicate a serious complication.

Choice A reason: Cleaning the inside of the container with a wipe is not part of the standard procedure for collecting a midstream urine sample. The focus should be on maintaining external cleanliness to avoid contamination of the sample.
Choice B reason: Urinating a little then stopping is part of the process, but this statement alone does not indicate a complete understanding of the procedure. The critical aspect is how the client cleans and collects the sample to ensure it is not contaminated.
Choice C reason: Using the cleansing wipe from front to back is the correct procedure for collecting a midstream urine sample. This method helps prevent contamination from bacteria that could be present around the genital area, ensuring a more accurate sample for analysis.
Choice D reason: Using each cleansing wipe twice is not advised as it can lead to contamination. Each wipe should be used only once to maintain hygiene and ensure the accuracy of the urine sample.