A nurse is screening a client for cancer risk factors. The nurse records that the client is a 65-year-old male, clinically obese with a BMI of 31, has a history of past smoking, and drinks moderately. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for prostate cancer?

Obesity

Male sex

65 years old

Moderate alcohol use

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Obesity is a risk factor for various cancers but is not specifically a primary risk factor for prostate cancer. It can contribute to overall health problems that indirectly affect cancer risk.
Choice B reason: Being male is a primary risk factor for prostate cancer, as this type of cancer affects the prostate gland, which is present only in men. The risk increases significantly with age and other factors.
Choice C reason: Age is a significant risk factor, with the incidence of prostate cancer increasing in men over 50. However, the most defining factor is being male.
Choice D reason: Moderate alcohol use is not specifically linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. While excessive alcohol consumption can affect overall health, it is not a primary risk factor for prostate cancer.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Mr. Dominic's evaluation for bladder cancer is important, but there are no acute symptoms reported that require immediate attention over the other patients listed.
Choice B reason: Mr. Bradford's condition is the most concerning. He is 3 days post-radical prostatectomy with significant blood-tinged urine output and complaints of gas pains, which could indicate complications such as bleeding or infection that need immediate assessment.
Choice C reason: Mr. Jennings’ condition is stable with an almost equal in-and-out bladder irrigation, though bladder spasms should be addressed, it is not as immediately critical as Mr. Bradford's symptoms.
Choice D reason: Ms. Griffiths is stable with managed pain levels and normal lab results except for elevated liver enzymes, which do not present an immediate threat compared to Mr. Bradford's condition.

A. Informed consent obtained by MD B. Obtain coagulation studies C. Administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) prior to the procedure. D. Obtain a urine specimen prior to the procedure E. Maintain NPO status prior to the procedure.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Informed consent must be obtained by the physician before the procedure to ensure the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives.
Choice B reason: Obtaining coagulation studies is essential to assess the patient's bleeding risk before a biopsy, which involves puncturing tissue and can cause bleeding.
Choice C reason: Administering diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is not typically required for a kidney biopsy. Pre-medications may be prescribed based on individual patient needs, but it is not a standard practice.
Choice D reason: A urine specimen is necessary to check for existing infections or abnormalities before the biopsy is performed.
Choice E reason: Maintaining NPO (nothing by mouth) status prior to the procedure helps reduce the risk of aspiration during sedation or anesthesia.

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A nurse is screening a client for cancer risk factors. The nurse records that the client is a 65-year-old male, clinically obese with a BMI of 31, has a history of past smoking, and drinks moderately. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for prostate cancer?

Nursing Test Bank

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