A nurse is reviewing the morning laboratory results of electrolytes for four clients who are receiving digoxin. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for developing digoxin toxicity?

a. Instruct the client to place his chin to his chest and swallow: This technique helps facilitate the passage of the nasogastric tube through the pharynx and into the esophagus.

b. Withdraw the tube if the client gags during insertion: Gagging is a normal response, and

withdrawing the tube may lead to repeated attempts and discomfort for the client. Encouraging the client to swallow can help overcome the gag reflex.

c. Place the client in a supine position: The client is usually positioned in a semi-Fowler's position or upright to ease tube insertion and minimize the risk of aspiration.

d. Measure the tube for insertion from the tip of the nose to the umbilicus: The proper

measurement for nasogastric tube insertion is typically from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and then down to the xiphoid process, not the umbilicus.

a. Urine in the drainage appliance: The presence of urine in the drainage appliance is expected in a client with an ileal conduit, as this is the route for urine to exit the body.

b. Feces in the drainage appliance: An ileal conduit is created for urinary diversion, and feces

should not be present in the drainage appliance. This finding could indicate a complication and should be reported.

c. Mild edema of the stoma: Mild edema of the stoma may be expected in the early postoperative period and may not require immediate reporting unless it worsens.

d. Redness of the stoma: Some redness is normal around a stoma, and it may not require immediate reporting unless there are signs of infection or worsening inflammation.