A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an 8-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse report to the provider?
Sodium 140 mEq/L
Platelet count 350,000/mm3
Protein 2 g/dL
Cholesterol 170 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
The sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the normal range for children, which is 135 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium levels may be low in nephrotic syndrome due to fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia, but this is not the case for this child.
Choice B rationale:
The platelet count of 350,000/mm3 is within the normal range for children, which is 150,000 to 450,000/mm3. Platelet levels may be elevated in nephrotic syndrome due to increased production by the bone marrow in response to inflammation and infection, but this is not the case for this child.
Choice C rationale:
The nurse should report the protein level of 2 g/dL to the provider, as this is abnormally low and indicates severe proteinuria. Proteinuria is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, as the glomeruli become damaged and allow protein to leak into the urine. Normal protein levels for children are 6 to 8 g/dL. Low protein levels can lead to edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia.
Choice D rationale:
The cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL is within the normal range for children, which is less than 200 mg/dL. Cholesterol levels may be high in nephrotic syndrome due to increased synthesis by the liver as a compensatory mechanism for low protein levels, but this is not the case for this child.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A fasting blood glucose level of 96 mg/dL is within a normal range and is not typically associated with carbidopa/levodopa therapy.
Choice B rationale:
Hemoglobin levels of 10 g/dL may indicate anemia, which can exacerbate symptoms in clients with Parkinson's disease and affect the effectiveness of carbidopa/levodopa.
Choice C rationale:
A platelet count of 200,000/mm3 is within a normal range and is not typically associated with carbidopa/levodopa therapy.
Choice D rationale:
A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 10 mg/dL is within a normal range and is not typically associated with carbidopa/levodopa therapy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Bulging fontanels are a sign of increased intracranial pressure, which is an abnormal finding in newborns. The nurse should assess for other signs of neurological impairment, such as lethargy, irritability, or seizures.
Choice B rationale:
Blue hands and feet, also known as acrocyanosis, are a normal finding in newborns who are 4 hr old. This is due to immature peripheral circulation and should resolve within 24 to 48 hr.
Choice C rationale:
Generalized petechiae are a sign of bleeding disorders, infection, or trauma, which are abnormal findings in newborns. The nurse should assess for other signs of bleeding, such as bruising, hematuria, or melena.
Choice D rationale:
Flaring of the nares is a sign of respiratory distress, which is an abnormal finding in newborns. The nurse should assess for other signs of respiratory distress, such as grunting, retractions, or cyanosis.
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