A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an 8-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse report to the provider?
Sodium 140 mEq/L
Platelet count 350,000/mm3
Protein 2 g/dL
Cholesterol 170 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
The sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the normal range for children, which is 135 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium levels may be low in nephrotic syndrome due to fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia, but this is not the case for this child.
Choice B rationale:
The platelet count of 350,000/mm3 is within the normal range for children, which is 150,000 to 450,000/mm3. Platelet levels may be elevated in nephrotic syndrome due to increased production by the bone marrow in response to inflammation and infection, but this is not the case for this child.
Choice C rationale:
The nurse should report the protein level of 2 g/dL to the provider, as this is abnormally low and indicates severe proteinuria. Proteinuria is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, as the glomeruli become damaged and allow protein to leak into the urine. Normal protein levels for children are 6 to 8 g/dL. Low protein levels can lead to edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia.
Choice D rationale:
The cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL is within the normal range for children, which is less than 200 mg/dL. Cholesterol levels may be high in nephrotic syndrome due to increased synthesis by the liver as a compensatory mechanism for low protein levels, but this is not the case for this child.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Avoiding temperature extremes can help prevent triggering a sickle cell crisis. Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to constrict, leading to poor blood flow and increased risk of cell sickling.
Choice B rationale:
Engaging in high-impact exercise might not be recommended, as vigorous exercise can increase the risk of dehydration and oxygen deprivation, potentially triggering a crisis.
Choice C rationale:
Staying well-hydrated by drinking fluids is important, but temperature regulation is a key factor in preventing sickle cell crises.
Choice D rationale:
Receiving the influenza vaccine is recommended for individuals with sickle cell disease to reduce the risk of infections that could trigger a crisis. This statement is incorrect; the client should receive the influenza vaccine unless contraindicated.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Thawing frozen foods at room temperature can promote bacterial growth, increasing the risk of foodborne illness.
Choice B rationale:
There is no need for the client to reduce their intake of calcium-containing foods specifically to prevent foodborne illness. Calcium-containing foods are not associated with an increased risk of bacterial contamination.
Choice C rationale:
Cooking raw fish and steak to the well-done stage is recommended to kill harmful bacteria and reduce the risk of foodborne illness, which is particularly important for individuals with neutropenia who are more susceptible to infections.
Choice D rationale:
Cutting damaged areas from fruits and vegetables is a good practice to reduce the risk of contamination, but it does not address the risk of bacterial contamination from undercooked meat and fish.
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