A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Increased C-reactive protein (CRP)

Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Increased troponin I

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Elevated ESR is commonly seen in inflammatory conditions such as pericarditis. ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over a certain period, and elevated levels indicate inflammation or tissue damage.

B. Increased C-reactive protein (CRP): CRP is an acute-phase reactant produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Elevated CRP levels are indicative of inflammation, making it a useful marker in pericarditis.

C. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Elevated TSH levels are not typically associated with pericarditis. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Elevated TSH levels are seen in conditions such as hypothyroidism.

D. Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): BNP is a hormone produced by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume overload. Pericarditis can lead to increased pressure within the heart, resulting in elevated BNP levels. Therefore, increased BNP levels are anticipated in pericarditis.

E. Increased troponin I: Troponin I is a cardiac biomarker released into the bloodstream when there is damage to cardiac muscle cells. While pericarditis primarily involves inflammation of the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart), severe cases can lead to myocardial involvement and subsequent release of troponin I. Therefore, increased troponin I levels may be observed in pericarditis, especially if there is myocardial involvement.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. People who abstain from alcohol: Abstaining from alcohol does not necessarily increase the risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In fact, excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of falls and accidents leading to TBIs, but abstaining from alcohol itself is not a risk factor for TBI.

B. People who live in rural areas: Living in rural areas may be associated with certain risk factors for TBIs, such as increased rates of motor vehicle accidents due to factors like higher speed limits and longer distances traveled. However, it is not a direct cause of TBIs.

C. People who play contact sports: Engaging in contact sports, such as football, soccer, or rugby, poses a higher risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury due to the potential for collisions, falls, and impacts during gameplay.

D. People who are in their 30's: While traumatic brain injuries can occur at any age, individuals who are involved in activities with a higher risk of head injuries, such as contact sports or high-risk occupations, may be more prone to TBIs regardless of their age. Age alone is not a significant risk factor for TBIs.

A. "You can have 2 to 3 cups of coffee throughout the day." B. "You should practice deep breathing exercises:' C. "You can use at least 2,300 mg of sodium daily." D. "You should avoid exercising."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You can have 2 to 3 cups of coffee throughout the day": Caffeine consumption can exacerbate tinnitus symptoms in some individuals. Therefore, advising the client to limit caffeine intake, rather than specifying a quantity, would be more appropriate.

B. "You should practice deep breathing exercises": Deep breathing exercises and relaxation techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety, which may contribute to tinnitus symptoms. Stress management strategies can be beneficial in managing tinnitus-related distress.

C. "You can use at least 2,300 mg of sodium daily": High sodium intake may exacerbate tinnitus symptoms in some individuals. Advising the client to limit sodium intake would be more appropriate to potentially alleviate symptoms.

D. "You should avoid exercising": Regular exercise is generally beneficial for overall health and well-being, including stress reduction, which can help manage tinnitus symptoms. Therefore, advising the client to avoid exercising is not appropriate.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

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