A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Increased C-reactive protein (CRP)

Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Increased troponin I

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Elevated ESR is commonly seen in inflammatory conditions such as pericarditis. ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over a certain period, and elevated levels indicate inflammation or tissue damage.

B. Increased C-reactive protein (CRP): CRP is an acute-phase reactant produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Elevated CRP levels are indicative of inflammation, making it a useful marker in pericarditis.

C. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Elevated TSH levels are not typically associated with pericarditis. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Elevated TSH levels are seen in conditions such as hypothyroidism.

D. Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): BNP is a hormone produced by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume overload. Pericarditis can lead to increased pressure within the heart, resulting in elevated BNP levels. Therefore, increased BNP levels are anticipated in pericarditis.

E. Increased troponin I: Troponin I is a cardiac biomarker released into the bloodstream when there is damage to cardiac muscle cells. While pericarditis primarily involves inflammation of the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart), severe cases can lead to myocardial involvement and subsequent release of troponin I. Therefore, increased troponin I levels may be observed in pericarditis, especially if there is myocardial involvement.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Synchronized electrical cardioversion: Synchronized electrical cardioversion is a procedure used to restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. However, it is not typically indicated for all patients with worsening heart failure and arrhythmias.

B. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT): CRT, also known as biventricular pacing, involves the placement of a specialized pacemaker device to improve the coordination of contractions between the heart's chambers. It is often used in patients with heart failure and arrhythmias to help regulate the rhythm and improve cardiac function.

C. Heart catheterization with percutaneous intervention: Heart catheterization with percutaneous intervention, such as angioplasty or stent placement, is used to treat coronary artery disease by opening narrowed or blocked blood vessels. While coronary artery disease may contribute to heart failure, this procedure specifically targets the coronary arteries rather than arrhythmias.

D. Echocardiogram : An echocardiogram is a diagnostic test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. While an echocardiogram may provide valuable information about the heart's condition in a patient with heart failure and arrhythmias, it is not a procedure used to regulate the rhythm directly.

A. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum." B. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles." C. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty." D. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles." E. Family history of aneurysm

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum." Thickening of the ventricular walls and septum is characteristic of conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, not pericarditis. This statement does not accurately describe the cause of pericarditis.

B. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles." Excessive stretching of the ventricles is not a typical cause of pericarditis. While stretching of the heart muscle may occur in certain conditions, it is not directly related to pericarditis.

C. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty." Fibrous and fatty changes in ventricular tissue are features of conditions such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, not pericarditis. This statement does not accurately explain the cause of pericarditis.

D. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles." Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. When the pericardium becomes inflamed, it can stiffen, restricting the heart's movement and leading to chest pain. Therefore, option D accurately explains the cause of pericarditis, attributing it to the stiffening of the pericardium.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

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