A nurse is reviewing a client's medication list. Which medication has been indicated for improvement in cognitive functioning in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease?

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Galantamine (Razadyne)

C Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Clozapine (Clozaril): Clozapine is an antipsychotic used primarily for schizophrenia, not for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease. It is not indicated for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

B. Galantamine (Razadyne): Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to improve cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It works by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which helps with memory and cognitive processes.

C. Olanzapine (Zyprexa): Olanzapine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is not used for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease and may actually worsen cognitive function in some cases.

D. Sertraline (Zoloft): Sertraline is an antidepressant used primarily for depression and anxiety disorders. It is not indicated for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Echolalia: Echolalia, the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others, is a common characteristic of autism spectrum disorder. It can be part of the individual’s attempt to communicate or self-stimulate and may be indicative of difficulties in expressive language development.

B. Ambivalence: Ambivalence, the state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone, is more commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia, not ASD.

C. Expressive affect: Individuals with ASD often have difficulties with expressive affect, meaning they may show limited emotional expression, which contrasts with the term "expressive affect" suggesting full emotional expression.

D. Associative looseness: Associative looseness, a symptom where a person’s thoughts are disconnected and fragmented, is more characteristic of schizophrenia than ASD.

A. "I just don't remember what I did this morning." B. "This morning, this morning, this morning..." C. "It was good. The Queen of England visited me there." D. "Snip, snap. Take a nap."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I just don't remember what I did this morning." This statement reflects an inability to recall the events of the morning, which is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease but does not constitute confabulation. It simply indicates memory loss.

B. "This morning, this morning, this morning..." Repetition of words or phrases can indicate a language or communication issue often seen in Alzheimer's disease but is not an example of confabulation. It may reflect confusion or perseverance.

C. "It was good. The Queen of England visited me there." Confabulation involves the creation of false memories or statements to fill in gaps in memory. The client's statement about the Queen of England visiting is a fabricated or distorted memory and is an example of confabulation. This choice is correct.

D. "Snip, snap. Take a nap." This phrase is nonsensical and may indicate disorganized thinking or speech, which can occur in Alzheimer's disease, but it is not an example of confabulation. It does not fill a memory gap with a fabricated story. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's medication list. Which medication has been indicated for improvement in cognitive functioning in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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