A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a 13-month-old child following administration of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunization. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate?

A. Renal function typically declines with age, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow. As a result, medications may be excreted more slowly from the body, leading to an increased risk of drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Adjustments in medication dosages or dosing intervals may be necessary to account for this age-related change.
B. Brain receptors do not change significantly. However, older adults may require lower doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect due to reduced receptor sensitivity.
C. Gastric emptying tends to slow down with age rather than increase. Delayed gastric emptying can affect the absorption of orally administered medications, leading to unpredictable drug levels and potentially reduced efficacy.
D. Hepatic function generally decreases with age, leading to a decline in the metabolic capacity of the liver. This can result in slower drug metabolism and clearance, prolonging the duration of action of medications and increasing the risk of adverse effects.

D. The Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for both males and females to protect against certain strains of HPV that can lead to cervical cancer, genital warts, and other HPV- related cancers. It is typically administered in a series of doses starting around 11-12 years of age.
A. Hepatitis B vaccine is typically administered at birth, followed by a series of doses at 1-2 months and 6-18 months of age. By the age of 11, the child would have completed the series if they were up to date on immunizations. Therefore, it is unlikely that the child would need another dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine at this age.
B. Rotavirus vaccine is usually administered in infancy, with the first dose given around 2 months of age and the last dose by 8 months of age. By the age of 11, the child would have completed the series if they were up to date on immunizations. So, administering the Rotavirus vaccine to an 11-year-old who is up to date on immunizations is unnecessary.
C. The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine protects against infections caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, such as pneumonia and meningitis. It is typically administered in infancy, with a booster dose recommended at around 12-15 months of age. However, the CDC recommends a single revaccination dose of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children aged 6 through 18 years who are at high risk of infection. If the child falls into this category, the nurse should plan to administer the vaccine.