A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?

Obesity.

Dehydration.

Iron deficiency.

Protein in the urine.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
Obesity is not a direct cause of renal calculi. However, it can be a risk factor due to associated conditions such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension, which can contribute to stone formation. Weight management and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of kidney stones.
Choice B rationale
Dehydration is a significant risk factor for the formation of renal calculi. When the body is dehydrated, the urine becomes concentrated, leading to the crystallization of minerals and the formation of stones. Adequate hydration is essential in preventing kidney stones by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances.
Choice C rationale

Iron deficiency is not associated with the formation of renal calculi. Iron deficiency primarily affects red blood cell production and can lead to anemia. It does not contribute to the crystallization of minerals in the urine or the formation of kidney stones.
Choice D rationale
Protein in the urine, or proteinuria, is not a direct cause of renal calculi. Proteinuria is often a sign of kidney damage or disease but does not lead to stone formation. The presence of protein in the urine should be evaluated to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Warm extremities are not typically associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD usually results in reduced blood flow, leading to cooler extremities.
Choice B rationale
Darkened skin color near extremities is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD. PAD typically causes pale or bluish skin due to reduced blood flow.

Choice C rationale
Intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD. It occurs due to reduced blood flow to the muscles during activity.
Choice D rationale
Edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency or heart failure rather than PAD. PAD typically causes reduced blood flow, not fluid accumulation.

A. Respiratory alkalosis. B. Respiratory acidosis. C. Metabolic acidosis. D. Metabolic alkalosis.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO₂, which is not consistent with the given ABG values. The client’s pH is low (7.22), indicating acidosis, and the PaCO₂ is high (68 mm Hg), indicating a respiratory cause.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory acidosis is correct. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22) and a high PaCO₂ (68 mm Hg), which are indicative of respiratory acidosis. The elevated bicarbonate (28 mEq/L) suggests partial compensation by the kidneys.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels. In this case, the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which is not consistent with metabolic acidosis. The primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.
Choice D rationale
Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high bicarbonate levels. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22), which indicates acidosis, not alkalosis. Additionally, the primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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