A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client tells the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Choice A rationale: Eight months is too early to transition to whole milk. At this age, infants still need the complete nutrition provided by breast milk or formula.
Choice B rationale: Ten months is still too early for transitioning to whole milk. Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition until around 12 months of age.
Choice C rationale: At 6 months of age, infants are usually just starting to introduce solid foods, but breast milk or formula remains the primary source of nutrition. Transitioning to whole milk at this age is not recommended.
Choice D rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends transitioning from breast milk or formula to whole cow's milk at around 12 months of age. Before that age, breast milk or formula provides essential nutrients for the baby's growth and development.

Choice A rationale: The gender of the fetus is not determined through amniocentesis. Fetal gender determination can be achieved through ultrasound or other specialized genetic tests if needed.
Choice B rationale: While amniocentesis can provide information about certain chromosomal abnormalities and genetic conditions, it is not the primary procedure used to detect anatomic abnormalities. Detailed ultrasound and other specialized imaging techniques are used for this purpose.
Choice C rationale: Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the uterus. The amniotic fluid contains fetal cells and biochemical substances that can provide valuable information about the fetus's health and development. One of the essential pieces of information obtained from amniocentesis is the maturity of the lungs. This is crucial in preterm labor to assess whether the lungs are mature enough to support breathing if the baby is born prematurely.
Choice D rationale: The gestational age is determined through other methods, such as ultrasound measurements and the last menstrual period. Amniocentesis is not primarily used to determine the weeks of gestation.