A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Ability to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes: HIV targets and destroys CD4 lymphocytes, which are a key component of the immune system. This destruction weakens the immune system, making the individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections. This is a central feature of HIV's pathogenesis.
B. Conversion of the virus's RNA into DNA: The conversion of HIV's RNA into DNA occurs during replication, but this alone does not cause opportunistic infections. It is the destruction of CD4 cells that leads to the immune suppression and susceptibility to infections.
C. Having reverse transcriptase enzyme: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that helps HIV replicate its RNA into DNA. While essential for HIV replication, the presence of reverse transcriptase does not directly cause opportunistic infections; it is the result of the viral replication that weakens the immune system.
D. Containing only a single strand of genetic material: HIV contains single-stranded RNA as its genetic material. While this is true, the key factor in causing opportunistic infections is the virus’s ability to destroy CD4 cells, which weakens the immune system.

A. Headache: The headache phase involves throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia. It occurs after the aura phase and does not typically include sensory disturbances like tingling or visual changes.
B. Prodrome: The prodrome occurs hours to days before the migraine and includes subtle symptoms such as mood changes, food cravings, neck stiffness, or increased urination. It does not include neurological symptoms like visual disturbances or tingling.
C. Postdrome: Also known as the postdrome or recovery phase, this follows the headache phase. Clients may feel fatigued, confused, or drained but do not typically report sensory symptoms like those seen in the aura phase.
D. Aura: The aura phase is characterized by neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances (e.g., blind spots or flashing lights) and sensory changes (e.g., facial tingling). These symptoms occur shortly before the onset of the headache and are classic indicators of this phase.