A nurse is completing an assessment on a client who reports severe fatigue, hair loss, and trouble remembering things. The nurse notes a butterfly-shaped rash on the client's face. Which of the following conditions is the client likely experiencing?

A. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Mucus thinning is typically not associated with airway obstruction. Instead, airway obstruction occurs when the mucus is thickened, leading to blockage of the airways, especially in asthma.
B. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: During bronchospasm, airway inflammation increases, not reduces. The diameter of the airways becomes narrowed due to swelling, mucus production, and muscle contraction, exacerbating asthma symptoms.
C. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: Mucus production generally increases in asthma, contributing to airway narrowing and constriction. Decreased mucus would not be a direct factor in bronchospasm.
D. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm in asthma is caused by inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production, all of which contribute to airway narrowing and difficulty breathing. This is the most accurate description of the physiological process in asthma exacerbations.

A. The client who had general anesthesia for back surgery 4 hr ago: General anesthesia can cause temporary urinary retention by affecting the bladder’s ability to contract and reducing the sensation of needing to urinate. Clients who have recently undergone surgery, especially under general anesthesia, are at a higher risk for urinary retention.
B. The client who was treated with antibiotics for a staphylococcal infection of the skin 2 weeks ago: Although antibiotics may affect the urinary tract, there is no direct correlation between the recent treatment of a staphylococcal infection and urinary retention. This client would not be at the greatest risk compared to those who recently had surgery under anesthesia.
C. The client who reported eating a diet high in calcium oxalate: A diet high in calcium oxalate can lead to kidney stones, but it is not typically associated with urinary retention. Retention is more closely related to factors such as surgery or neurological conditions.
D. The client who has a history of liver failure: While liver failure can have multiple effects on the body, urinary retention is not a primary concern. Liver failure more commonly leads to fluid imbalance and ascites, not direct impairment of bladder function.