A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about bowel sounds. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse use to describe hyperactive bowel sounds?

Sounds are high-pitched

Can be a result of a paralytic ileus

Indicates decreased motility

Sounds are soft and at a rate of 1/min

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Hyperactive bowel sounds are bowel sounds that are louder and more frequent than normal. They may be heard as high-pitched rushing or tinkling sounds that occur irregularly at a rate greater than 5-6 sounds per minute. They are often associated with increased intestinal motility, such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or early bowel obstruction.

Option b is incorrect because hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with a paralytic ileus, which is a condition where the bowel stops working and there is a lack of bowel sounds.

Option c is incorrect because hyperactive bowel sounds indicate increased motility, not decreased motility.

Option d is incorrect because soft bowel sounds at a rate of 1/min are considered hypoactive bowel sounds, which can be a sign of decreased intestinal motility, as seen in constipation or postoperative ileus.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Iron supplementation commonly causes constipation, which is due to the iron's effect of slowing down bowel movements and increasing water absorption in the intestines.

Dry mouth is not a common adverse effect of iron supplementation. It is more commonly associated with medications that can cause xerostomia (dry mouth), such as certain antihistamines or anticholinergic drugs.

Tinnitus, a perception of ringing or noise in the ears, is not typically associated with iron supplementation. Tinnitus can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or certain medications, but it is not directly related to iron supplementation.

Hematuria, the presence of blood in the urine, is not a common adverse effect of iron supplementation. It can be caused by various conditions affecting the urinary system, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or bladder issues, but it is not directly related to iron supplementation.

A. 2+ pedal edema B. Jaundice C. Nuchal rigidity D. Hematuria

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord that can cause inflammation and damage to the nervous system.

Nuchal rigidity refers to stiffness and pain in the neck that makes it difficult to flex the neck forward. This finding is indicative of inflammation of the meninges and is a classic sign of meningitis.

Pedal edema refers to swelling of the feet and ankles and can be caused by various conditions such as heart, liver, or kidney problems.

Jaundice refers to yellowing of the skin and eyes and can be caused by liver or bile duct disease.

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine and can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or bladder cancer. These findings are not related to bacterial meningitis and may suggest other health concerns that require further evaluation and management.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about bowel sounds. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse use to describe hyperactive bowel sounds?

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