A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
If he misses a dose, he should double the dose at the next scheduled time.
The client should use an electric razor while on this medication.
Mild nosebleeds are common during initial treatment.
Warfarin increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis.
The Correct Answer is B
A. If he misses a dose, he should double the dose at the next scheduled time: This statement is incorrect. Doubling the dose of warfarin after missing a dose can significantly increase the risk of bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation. The nurse should emphasize the importance of taking the medication as prescribed and what to do if a dose is missed, such as contacting the healthcare provider for guidance.
B. The client should use an electric razor while on this medication: This statement is correct. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, it's essential for patients taking warfarin to avoid activities that may increase the risk of injury or bleeding, such as shaving with a traditional razor that can cause cuts or nicks. Using an electric razor reduces this risk.
C. Mild nosebleeds are common during initial treatment: This statement is not entirely accurate. While warfarin can increase the risk of bleeding, including nosebleeds, it's not necessarily common during the initial treatment phase. However, patients should be aware of signs of bleeding and report them to their healthcare provider promptly.
D. Warfarin increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis: This statement is incorrect. Warfarin is actually prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and stroke, in patients who are at risk for these conditions. It works by inhibiting the formation of blood clots. Therefore, it does not increase the risk of DVT; rather, it decreases it.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Black Cohosh: This herb is more commonly used for menopausal symptoms and not typically associated with immune system benefits.
B. Gingko: Gingko is primarily studied for its potential benefits on memory and cognitive function, not necessarily the immune system.
C. Kava Kava: Kava kava is known for its calming effects and used for anxiety relief, not immune system support.
D. Echinacea: This herb has been widely studied and used for centuries for its potential immune-boosting properties. While research results are somewhat mixed, it's one of the most popular herbs associated with immune support.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Reduced cardiac output: While liver disease can affect circulation in later stages, abnormal coagulation is a more immediate concern.
B. Abnormal coagulation: The liver plays a vital role in producing proteins essential for blood clotting. Liver damage can impair this function, leading to increased bleeding risk.
C. Electrolyte imbalance: The liver plays a role in some aspects of electrolyte balance, but abnormal coagulation is a more specific and critical complication in early liver damage.
D. Respiratory issues: While liver disease can progress to respiratory complications in severe cases, abnormal coagulation is a more immediate threat.
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