A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the aging process with an older adult client. Which of the following Information should the nurse Include?

A. A nurse shares her time fairly among clients: This action demonstrates justice, which involves treating clients equitably and distributing resources or time fairly. While important ethically, it does not exemplify fidelity, which focuses on faithfulness and keeping commitments.

B. A nurse tells a client the truth: Telling the truth reflects the ethical principle of veracity, emphasizing honesty and transparency in communication. It is distinct from fidelity, which centers on maintaining trust through promises and commitments.

C. A nurse allows a client to make her own choices: Supporting client autonomy involves respecting the client’s right to make informed decisions about their care. While ethically essential, autonomy differs from fidelity because it is about decision-making rights rather than keeping commitments or promises.

D. A nurse keeps a promise made to a client: Fidelity is the principle of being faithful to commitments, maintaining trust, and keeping promises. When a nurse follows through on a commitment to a client, it demonstrates reliability and loyalty, reinforcing the therapeutic nurse–client relationship.

A. Place the client in restraints: Physical restraints are used only as a last resort when the client poses an immediate danger to self or others. In delirium, restraints can worsen agitation, increase confusion, and elevate the risk of injury or further cognitive decline. Nonpharmacologic de-escalation and environmental modifications are preferred initial interventions.

B. Offer the client a variety of activities to choose from: Clients with delirium have impaired attention, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and reduced ability to process multiple stimuli. Providing numerous choices can increase confusion and cognitive overload. Care should focus on structured, simple activities rather than offering multiple options.

C. Communicate with the client using simple, direct statements: Delirium impairs cognition, attention, and comprehension, making complex communication difficult. Using short, clear, and direct statements helps reduce misinterpretation and supports orientation. Consistent, simple communication decreases anxiety and promotes better understanding in hallucinations.

D. Limit how often the client's partner can visit: Familiar individuals can provide reassurance, assist with reorientation, and decrease anxiety in clients with delirium. Restricting visits may increase confusion and agitation. Encouraging the presence of trusted family members often supports cognitive stabilization and emotional comfort.