A nurse is collecting data from an 18-month-old toddler at a well-child visit.

Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Restlessness is a common sign that a client's pain is not adequately relieved. When a client experience unrelieved pain, they may find it difficult to get comfortable and may exhibit restlessness, such as frequently changing positions, fidgeting, or appearing agitated. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's pain level and address any concerns regarding pain management.

While difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), constipation, and urinary retention can be potential side effects or complications associated with spinal epidural anesthesia, they are not specific indicators of unrelieved pain. These findings may be related to the effects of the anesthesia itself or other factors, and they should still be assessed and addressed by the nurse. However, restlessness is more directly linked to the experience of pain and should be recognized as an important sign that the client's pain relief measures may need adjustment.

Compartment syndrome is a condition characterized by increased pressure within a closed anatomical space, such as a compartment in the leg. This increased pressure can compromise blood flow and nerve function. When assessing a client with a long-leg cast who reports severe pain, the nurse should be vigilant for signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome.

Option a is a correct answer because pallor (paleness) in the exposed portion of the left foot may indicate compromised blood flow due to increased pressure within the compartment.

Option b is a correct answer because the inability to move the left foot suggests impaired nerve function,

which can be a sign of compartment syndrome.

Option c is not a correct answer. Increased warmth is not typically associated with compartment syndrome; instead, it may suggest inflammation or infection.

Option d is not a correct answer. Ecchymosis (bruising) is not typically associated with compartment syndrome, as it is more commonly observed in cases of injury or trauma.

Option e is a correct answer because paresthesia (abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness) in the left foot can indicate nerve compression and is a potential symptom of compartment syndrome.

By identifying the presence of pallor, inability to move the foot, and paresthesia, the nurse can recognize indications of compartment syndrome and take appropriate actions to address the condition promptly.