A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with the family of an older adult client about safety precautions when administering a hypotonic enema to the client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A.While it is concerning that a client's family member administered a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) dose, it is more appropriate to address this situation through immediate intervention, education, and communication with the healthcare provider. An incident report may not be necessary unless there are further complications or system issues related to this incident.

B.An error in fluid administration by an IV pump, especially when it involves delivering twice the prescribed amount, is a medication error that could have serious consequences, such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances. An incident report must be filed to document the event and investigate what went wrong with the equipment.

C.Removing wrist restraints one at a time, particularly when the client is calm, follows safe practice to prevent injury. This situation does not represent an error, violation, or adverse event, and does not require an incident report. Restraints should always be removed cautiously and gradually to ensure client safety.

D.A client vomiting after receiving an oral pain medication could be an adverse drug reaction. While this is important to document in the patient’s medical record, it may not always require an incident report unless it leads to further complications or indicates a medication error.

A.The blood pressure dropped from 126/78 mm Hg on Day 1 to 80/60 mm Hg on Day 2.This change could signify worsening clinical status, potentially indicating shock or significant fluid loss.

B.The client's confusion and slow response can indicate a change in neurological status, possibly related to electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or infection. This is a significant finding that requires immediate attention.

C.The client's skin changed from warm and dry to pale, cool, and clammy, suggesting possible shock or hypoperfusion. This is a critical sign that needs to be communicated to the provider.

D.The sodium level remains within normal limits (144 mEq/L) and does not show significant changes. Therefore, it does not require immediate reporting.

E.While the pain level increased from 3/10 to 6/10, pain itself is subjective and should be monitored closely. It may require adjustment in pain management but is not immediately life-threatening compared to other findings.

F.The heart rate increased from 90/min on Day 1 to 110/min on Day 2, indicating tachycardia. This can signify an underlying issue, such as hypovolemia or sepsis, especially given the other concerning findings.

G.The serum amylase level is significantly elevated on both days, with a sharp increase from 498 units/L to 1,058 units/L. This finding indicates potential pancreatitis or pancreatic injury, which can lead to serious complications. Given the clinical picture of worsening abdominal pain and elevated lipase (which also increased to 1,283 units/L), it is crucial to report this finding to the provider immediately.

H.The respiratory rate increased from 18/min to 22/min, indicating mild respiratory distress. While concerning, it does not represent an acute emergency compared to other findings and should be monitored.

I.The urine output decreased significantly from 400 mL over 8 hours to 100 mL over 6 hours, indicating possible acute kidney injury or dehydration.

J.The client’s temperature has increased from 37.2°C (99°F) to 38.4°C (101.1°F), indicating a possible infection or inflammatory response.

These findings indicate that the client may have severe acute pancreatitis, which can lead to systemic complications such as hypovolemia, shock, hypocalcemia, respiratory failure, and multiorgan failure.