A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Alternate activity and rest.

Reduce sodium intake to 2 g per day.

Consume a low-fiber diet.

Gradually increase activity each day.

Eat small, frequent meals each day.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Alternate activity and rest. Clients with heart failure should balance activity and rest to prevent overexertion and minimize cardiac workload. Frequent rest periods help conserve energy and reduce symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue.
B. Reduce sodium intake to 2 g per day. Limiting sodium intake helps prevent fluid retention and reduces the risk of worsening heart failure. Excess sodium contributes to increased blood volume and exacerbates symptoms such as edema and shortness of breath.
C. Consume a low-fiber diet. A low-fiber diet is not necessary for heart failure management. Adequate fiber intake is beneficial for preventing constipation, which can increase strain during bowel movements and lead to hemodynamic stress. A high-fiber diet is generally encouraged.
D. Gradually increase activity each day. Clients should slowly increase their activity level based on tolerance to improve cardiovascular function. Overexertion should be avoided, but regular, controlled exercise helps maintain mobility and enhance overall heart health.
E. Eat small, frequent meals each day. Eating smaller meals reduces gastric distension and minimizes pressure on the diaphragm, which can help alleviate shortness of breath. Large meals can increase metabolic demands and contribute to discomfort in clients with heart failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Baked chicken breast is relatively low in potassium compared to other options. A 3-ounce serving of baked chicken typically contains around 250-300 mg of potassium, making it a suitable choice for someone needing to limit their potassium intake due to an electrolyte imbalance.
B. Sweet potato is high in potassium, with a medium-sized sweet potato containing about 440 mg or more. This makes sweet potatoes an unsuitable choice for clients who need to monitor their potassium levels, especially in the case of hyperkalemia.
C. Orange juice is also high in potassium, with a single cup containing approximately 450 mg. Therefore, orange juice is not recommended for clients with potassium restrictions, as excessive potassium can lead to serious health complications.
D. Cantaloupe is another food that is high in potassium. A typical serving of cantaloupe contains around 400 mg of potassium, making it inappropriate for individuals who need to maintain low potassium levels. Thus, it is essential to choose foods that are lower in potassium to help manage electrolyte imbalances effectively.

A. "Establish a daily exercise routine." B. "Keep the television volume low while you are trying to fall asleep." C. "Remain in bed until you fall asleep." D. "Sleep longer hours on the weekend."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Establish a daily exercise routine." Regular physical activity helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and promotes deeper sleep. Exercising earlier in the day enhances sleep quality, but vigorous exercise close to bedtime should be avoided as it can be stimulating.
B. "Keep the television volume low while you are trying to fall asleep." Watching television before bed can interfere with melatonin production due to blue light exposure, making it harder to fall asleep. A dark, quiet environment is recommended for better sleep.
C. "Remain in bed until you fall asleep." Staying in bed while struggling to sleep can reinforce insomnia. It is recommended to get out of bed and engage in a relaxing activity if unable to sleep within 20 minutes, then return when drowsy.
D. "Sleep longer hours on the weekend." Sleeping in on weekends disrupts the body's internal clock and can worsen sleep difficulties. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, even on weekends, helps regulate circadian rhythms and improve sleep quality.

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A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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