A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)

A. This response addresses the timeframe for heparin to achieve therapeutic levels in the bloodstream, not its action on dissolving clots. Heparin works primarily by inhibiting the formation of new clots and preventing existing clots from enlarging or propagating, rather than directly dissolving existing clots.
B. This statement accurately describes the mechanism of action of heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits the clotting factors thrombin and factor Xa. This action prevents the formation of new clots and stabilizes existing clots, but it does not actively dissolve them.
C. While pharmacists are knowledgeable about medications, including their mechanisms of action, it is within the scope of nursing practice to provide information on how medications work to clients. The nurse should be prepared to explain the basic mechanism of heparin's action to the client in understandable terms.
D. This response is inaccurate regarding heparin's action. Heparin itself does not directly dissolve clots; it prevents further clot formation and allows the body's natural fibrinolytic (clot-dissolving) mechanisms to work on existing clots. Oral medications like warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be used after initial heparin therapy to continue anticoagulation, but they do not directly dissolve clots either.

A. An N-95 respirator is designed to filter out airborne particles and is used primarily for protection against airborne diseases such as tuberculosis or certain respiratory infections like COVID-19. It is not necessary for contact precautions unless there is also a risk of airborne transmission.

B. Goggles protect the eyes from splashes, sprays, or droplets of infectious material. They are not typically required for routine contact precautions unless there is a risk of splashes or sprays to the eyes.
C. Gloves are essential for contact precautions. They protect the nurse's hands from direct contact with potentially infectious material on the client's bed linen or any contaminated surfaces. Gloves should be worn when handling soiled linen and removed and discarded appropriately after use.
D. A face shield provides full-face protection against splashes, sprays, or splatters of infectious material. It is particularly useful when there is a risk of exposure to bodily fluids or during procedures that may generate splashes. While not always required for routine contact precautions, it may be used depending on the specific situation, such as when cleaning surfaces heavily contaminated with body fluids.