A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)

A. Glipizide belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas work by stimulating the beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the mechanism of action of glipizide.
B. Glipizide does not absorb carbohydrates. Instead, it acts on pancreatic beta cells to increase insulin secretion in response to glucose in the bloodstream.
C. Glipizide does not affect the liver's breakdown of insulin. Its primary action is on the pancreas to stimulate insulin release.
D. Glipizide does not replace insulin. It stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin. It is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, where insulin production by the pancreas may be reduced but not absent.

A. This information highlights the importance of improving hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers. Low compliance rates indicate a need for education, reminders, and possibly changes in the healthcare facility's policies and procedures to encourage better adherence to hand hygiene protocols.
B. Hand hygiene is indeed one of the most critical measures to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. Proper hand hygiene (either washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs) helps reduce the spread of pathogens from person to person, from surfaces to patients, and vice versa.
C. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (gels, foams, or rubs) are effective and convenient for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. They are recommended by healthcare authorities like the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and WHO (World Health Organization) as they quickly reduce the number of microbes on hands when soap and water are not readily available or practical.
D. This statistic underscores the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the importance of preventive measures such as hand hygiene. Healthcare workers play a crucial role in reducing HAIs through proper hand hygiene practices.
E. Educating clients about hand hygiene is essential for infection prevention, especially in settings where clients can actively participate in their own care (e.g., hospitals, outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities). Clients should be encouraged to practice hand hygiene, particularly after using the restroom, before eating, and after touching surfaces that may harbor pathogens.