A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

hoarseness.

dysphagia.

weight loss.

dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Hoarseness or changes in voice quality is one of the hallmark symptoms of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding structures. Hoarseness is often persistent and does not resolve with voice rest or usual treatments for laryngitis.
B.   Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in laryngeal cancer, especially if the tumor affects the structures involved in swallowing. However, dysphagia typically occurs later in the course of the disease as the tumor grows and obstructs the passage of food or liquids.
C.   Weight loss can be a symptom of advanced laryngeal cancer but is less commonly reported as an early manifestation. Significant weight loss may occur as a result of difficulty eating due to dysphagia or as a generalized effect of cancer on the body.
D.   Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is not typically an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer unless the tumor is large and obstructs the airway. It is more commonly associated with advanced disease or tumors that have spread to nearby structures.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement suggests that outcomes are unpredictable and not influenced by factors such as adherence to a medical regimen or behavioral changes. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, behavior is influenced by attitudes and intentions, which can be assessed and potentially modified through education and intervention.
B. Poor adherence to the recommended medical regimen (such as diet, exercise, and possibly medication) increases the risk of complications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, if the client has negative attitudes toward the meal plan and exercise regimen (low motivation), and if they perceive these behaviors as difficult to perform (low perceived behavioral control), they are less likely to adhere to the plan. This could lead to poor outcomes, including complications related to diabetes.
C. This option suggests that outcomes will not significantly differ regardless of the client's adherence to the medical regimen or behavioral changes. However, according to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavior and subsequently affect outcomes.
D. Education plays a critical role in the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior. By providing education, the nurse can influence the client's attitudes and perceptions regarding the importance and feasibility of adhering to the meal plan and starting an exercise regimen.

A. Irrigate the catheter. B. Adjust the rate of the bladder irrigant. C. Notify the provider. D. Check the tubing for kinks.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Catheter irrigation involves flushing the catheter with a sterile solution to clear any obstruction within the tubing or catheter itself. It can help in cases where there might be clots obstructing urine flow. However, irrigating the catheter is an intervention that requires proper assessment and order from the healthcare provider.
B. This option suggests adjusting the rate of the bladder irrigant, which typically refers to the irrigation solution used during the TURP procedure to maintain catheter patency and prevent clot formation. However, this action requires assessment of the situation and potential orders from the provider.
C. Notifying the provider is often the first action the nurse should take when encountering a significant change in the client's condition or a potential complication, such as a blocked catheter. The provider needs to be informed so they can assess the situation, provide further orders, and decide on the appropriate course of action to manage the urinary retention effectively.
D. Checking the tubing for kinks or other external obstructions is a prudent initial action. Kinks or twists in the catheter tubing can prevent urine from draining properly. If a kink is identified, it can be corrected immediately, allowing urine to flow freely again.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is 5 hr postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse notes that the client's indwelling urinary catheter has not drained in the past hour. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is discussing individual client factors that influence developing a communicable or infectious disease with a peer. Which of the following factors could increase a client's risk for contracting a communicable or infectious disease?

A nurse is caring for a client who acquired a Staphylococcus aureus infection from touching a contaminated towel. Through which of the following modes of transmission did the client acquire the infection?

A home health nurse is assessing a patient who has heart failure and notes the patient has had a weight gain of 1.8 kg (4 lb), as well as generalized edema, since the last visit 3 days ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new onset of diabetes mellitus and is experiencing uncontrolled blood glucose levels. The client informs the nurse about their strict dietary compliance. Which secondary prevention actions should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing?

A nurse is implementing the ventilator care bundle for a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following should the nurse expect to find in the bundle?

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a fall risk?

A hospice nurse is caring for a client who has terminal cancer and takes PO morphine for pain relief. The client reports that he had to increase the dose of morphine this week to obtain pain relief. Which of the following scenarios should the nurse document as the explanation for this situation?