A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was
hoarseness.
dysphagia.
weight loss.
dyspnea.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hoarseness or changes in voice quality is one of the hallmark symptoms of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding structures. Hoarseness is often persistent and does not resolve with voice rest or usual treatments for laryngitis.
B. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in laryngeal cancer, especially if the tumor affects the structures involved in swallowing. However, dysphagia typically occurs later in the course of the disease as the tumor grows and obstructs the passage of food or liquids.
C. Weight loss can be a symptom of advanced laryngeal cancer but is less commonly reported as an early manifestation. Significant weight loss may occur as a result of difficulty eating due to dysphagia or as a generalized effect of cancer on the body.
D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is not typically an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer unless the tumor is large and obstructs the airway. It is more commonly associated with advanced disease or tumors that have spread to nearby structures.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The CD4-T-cell count is a critical indicator of immune function in individuals with HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that HIV targets and destroys, leading to immune deficiency. A lower CD4 count indicates greater immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Monitoring CD4 counts helps guide decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and monitoring response to treatment.
B. White blood cell (WBC) count measures the body's immune response and can fluctuate due to various factors. A WBC count of 5,000/mm3 is within the normal range, but it alone does not provide specific information about the client's HIV status or immune function compared to the CD4 count.
C. Platelets are involved in blood clotting, and a platelet count of 150,000/mm3 is within the normal range. Platelet counts are important for assessing bleeding risk but are not directly related to HIV progression or immune status.
D. A positive Western blot test confirms the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. It is used for definitive HIV diagnosis after an initial positive screening test (such as ELISA). While important for diagnosis, once HIV is confirmed, ongoing monitoring of CD4 counts and viral load (not directly mentioned in the options) becomes more crucial for managing the disease.
Correct Answer is ["5.6"]
Explanation
- Convert the weight from pounds to kilograms: 1 kilogram equals 2.2 pounds. The toddler weighs 33 lb, which is approximately 15 kg (33 ÷ 2.2).
- The prescribed dose is 30 mg/kg/day, so for a 15 kg toddler, that's 450 mg/day (15 kg × 30 mg/kg).
This total daily dose should be divided into two doses administered every 12 hours, which equals 225 mg per dose (450 mg ÷ 2).
- Now, using the concentration of the amoxicillin suspension available, which is 200 mg/5 mL, calculate the volume of suspension needed to deliver a dose of 225 mg.
200 mg/5 mL = 225 mg/x mL, solving for x gives us 5.625 mL.
=Therefore, the nurse should administer 5.6 mL of the amoxicillin suspension every 12 hours to the toddler.
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