A nurse is providing teaching about family planning to a client who has a new prescription for a diaphragm. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Choice A Reason:

Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.

Choice B Reason:

Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice C Reason:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.

Choice D Reason:

Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.

Choice E Reason:

Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

The correct answer is A. Slow-paced breathing

A. Slow-paced breathing is a nonpharmacological comfort measure that involves taking slow, deep breaths to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. It can be an effective technique for managing pain during contractions.

B. Biofeedback involves the use of electronic monitoring to provide feedback about physiological processes, and it is not typically used as a primary nonpharmacological comfort measure for labor pain.

C. Self-hypnosis is a relaxation technique that involves guided imagery and focused concentration to promote relaxation and reduce pain. However, it may require some previous knowledge or practice, and in the context of this scenario, slow-paced breathing may be a more immediate and accessible option.

D. Acupuncture involves the insertion of needles into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow. While acupuncture can be effective for pain management, it may not be readily available in all labor settings, and slow-paced breathing is a more universally applicable option.