A nurse in the emergency department is admitting a client who is at 40 weeks of gestation, has ruptured membranes, and the nurse observes the newborn's head is crowning. The client tells the nurse she wants to push. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client?

The correct answer is B.

A. Increased fetal movement: Increased fetal movement is generally not considered a complication after an amniocentesis. Fetal movement is a positive sign, indicating fetal well-being. However, it's important to monitor for any changes in movement patterns.

B. Leakage of fluid from the vagina: Leakage of amniotic fluid from the vagina is a potential complication after amniocentesis. It may indicate rupture of the amniotic sac, which can lead to preterm labor and other complications. This finding should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider.

C. Upper abdominal discomfort: Mild upper abdominal discomfort can occur after an amniocentesis, but it is not typically a severe complication. It may be related to the procedure itself and often resolves with rest. However, persistent or severe discomfort should be reported.

D. Urinary frequency: Urinary frequency is not typically associated with complications after an amniocentesis. It may be a normal symptom related to the position of the uterus or other factors, but it does not generally warrant immediate reporting as a complication.

Choice A Reason:

Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.

Choice B Reason:

Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice C Reason:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.

Choice D Reason:

Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.

Choice E Reason:

Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.