A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized for teaching?

Decreasing smoking

Increasing fluid intake

Increasing daily exercise

Decreasing intake of red meat

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreasing smoking: While smoking cessation is important for general health, it is not directly related to the prevention or management of HHS. Addressing dehydration and glucose control takes precedence in the acute management and prevention of recurrence.
B. Increasing fluid intake: Adequate hydration is the most critical aspect of preventing HHS, as dehydration is a key precipitating factor. Clients with HHS experience significant fluid loss, and increasing fluid intake helps maintain circulatory volume and reduce blood glucose concentration.
C. Increasing daily exercise: Although regular exercise helps with long-term diabetes control, it must be approached cautiously in clients recovering from HHS. Excessive or poorly timed physical activity could exacerbate glucose fluctuations if not coordinated with meals and insulin.
D. Decreasing intake of red meat: Diet modifications may help in overall health, but red meat intake is not directly linked to HHS prevention. The immediate concern is managing hydration and glucose levels to prevent another crisis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The liver releases glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels: The liver does release glucagon, but glucagon's role is to stimulate the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not to regulate blood glucose directly. Glucagon is released in response to low blood glucose levels to raise them, but the adrenal glands play a larger role in regulating glucose in the short term.
B. The adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine to respond to low blood glucose: When blood glucose levels drop, the adrenal glands release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. These hormones stimulate glucose release from the liver and promote glucose production to help increase blood sugar levels. This is the correct response to hypoglycemia, as these hormones help combat low blood sugar quickly.
C. Glycogenesis occurs in the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall: Glycogenesis refers to the process of glucose being stored as glycogen, primarily in the liver and muscles, and not the pancreas. When blood glucose levels fall, glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen into glucose) occurs, not glycogenesis, to raise glucose levels. The pancreas releases insulin and glucagon, but not for storing glucose.
D. The brain uses protein for energy if glucose levels fall too low: While the brain primarily uses glucose for energy, when glucose levels are critically low, it will use ketones, not protein, for energy. Protein breakdown for energy is typically a later response, and the body generally tries to prevent using protein for energy as long as possible due to its importance in cellular functions.

A. The client who is recovering from a recent illness that caused vomiting and c B. The client whose mother and uncle were diagnosed with this same condition C. The client who had a myocardial infarction and required stent placement. D. The client who is out of work and has been experiencing increased stress.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client who is recovering from a recent illness that caused vomiting and dehydration: Although recent illness can increase the risk of various heart conditions, it does not place the client at the highest risk for developing atrial flutter compared to those with established cardiovascular disease.
B. The client whose mother and uncle were diagnosed with this same condition: Family history can increase the risk of atrial flutter, but it is less of a risk factor than existing heart disease.
C. The client who had a myocardial infarction and required stent placement: This client is at the highest risk due to the structural and electrical changes in the heart that occur following a myocardial infarction, making them more prone to atrial flutter.
D. The client who is out of work and has been experiencing increased stress: While stress can contribute to heart conditions, it is not a significant direct risk factor for atrial flutter when compared to prior heart events like a myocardial infarction.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized for teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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