A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)

Acetone breath.

Fever.

Serum glucose 800 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL).

Serum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L).

Insidious onset.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

Choice A rationale
Acetone breath is a characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). In DKA, the body produces ketones, leading to a fruity or acetone-like breath odor. HHS, on the other hand, does not typically involve significant ketone production.
Choice B rationale
Fever can be a manifestation of HHS, often due to an underlying infection or illness that precipitates the hyperglycemic state. Infections are common triggers for HHS, leading to elevated body temperature.
Choice C rationale
Serum glucose levels of 800 mg/dL are indicative of HHS. HHS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, often exceeding 600 mg/dL, without significant ketoacidosis.
Choice D rationale
Serum bicarbonate levels of 15 mEq/L are more indicative of DKA rather than HHS. In HHS, bicarbonate levels are usually within the normal range because there is no significant ketoacidosis.
Choice E rationale
Insidious onset is a hallmark of HHS. The condition develops gradually over days to weeks, unlike DKA, which has a more rapid onset.

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Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

Step 1 is: Determine the concentration of the medication available. 2 mg/mL.

Step 2 is: Calculate the volume needed to administer 4 mg. 4 mg ÷ 2 mg/mL = 2 mL. The nurse should administer 2 mL.

A. Apply an ice pack to painful joints for 20 minutes, 3 times a day. B. Take a dose of aspirin on days when you have more pain. C. Increase your water intake to 2 liters per day. D. Participate in high impact aerobics to increase joint mobility.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Applying an ice pack to painful joints can help reduce inflammation and numb the area, providing temporary pain relief. However, it is not a recommended long-term strategy for managing osteoarthritis pain. Heat therapy is often more effective for chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis.
Choice B rationale
Taking aspirin on days with more pain is not recommended for osteoarthritis management. Aspirin is an NSAID and can cause gastrointestinal side effects with long-term use.
Acetaminophen is preferred for managing osteoarthritis pain due to its lower risk of side effects.
Choice C rationale
Increasing water intake to 2 liters per day is beneficial for overall health and can help maintain joint lubrication. Proper hydration is important for joint health and can help reduce the risk of further joint damage.
Choice D rationale
High-impact aerobics are not recommended for individuals with osteoarthritis as they can exacerbate joint pain and damage. Low-impact exercises such as swimming, cycling, and walking are better options for maintaining joint mobility and reducing pain.

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A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer ondansetron 4 mg IM stat. The amount available is ondansetron for injection 2 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. (Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero)

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis and is taking acetaminophen for pain management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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