A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Urinary tract infection.

Dehydration.

Kidney stones.

Liver disease.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor. UTIs are caused by bacteria that infect the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and the presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine. This can result in cloudy urine with a strong odor. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to resolve the infection and prevent complications.
Choice B rationale
Dehydration can cause dark amber urine, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which appears darker in color. However, the presence of cloudiness and odor suggests an infection rather than dehydration.
Choice C rationale
Kidney stones can cause dark urine if there is bleeding, but they do not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. The passage of a kidney stone can lead to hematuria (blood in the urine), which may darken the urine. However, the symptoms described are more indicative of a urinary tract infection.
Choice D rationale
Liver disease can cause dark urine due to the presence of bilirubin, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dark urine in liver disease is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as jaundice, pale stools, and fatigue. The combination of dark, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is more suggestive of a urinary tract infection. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Elevated creatinine is a common finding in clients with chronic kidney disease due to decreased renal function and impaired clearance of creatinine from the blood.
Choice B rationale
Decreased urine specific gravity is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease. Clients with chronic kidney disease may have an increased or normal urine specific gravity.
Choice C rationale
Hypokalemia is not a typical finding in chronic kidney disease. Clients with chronic kidney disease are more likely to have hyperkalemia due to impaired renal excretion of potassium.
Choice D rationale
Decreased BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is not expected in chronic kidney disease. Elevated BUN levels are more common due to reduced renal clearance of urea.

A. Metabolic acidosis. B. Metabolic alkalosis. C. Respiratory acidosis. D. Respiratory alkalosis. E. Respiratory alkalosis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low HCO₃ levels. In this case, the HCO₃ level is normal, which rules out metabolic acidosis.
Choice B rationale

Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high HCO₃ levels. In this case, the pH is low, and the HCO₃ level is normal, which rules out metabolic alkalosis.
Choice C rationale
Respiratory acidosis is correct. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and high PaCO₂ levels. In this case, the pH is 7.24 (low), and the PaCO₂ is 53 (high), indicating respiratory acidosis. This condition occurs when there is an accumulation of CO₂ in the blood due to inadequate ventilation.
Choice D rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO₂ levels. In this case, the pH is low, and the PaCO₂ is high, which rules out respiratory alkalosis.

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A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a client whose arterial blood gas values reveal a pH of 7.24, PaCO₂ of 53, and an HCO₃ of 24. The nurse should prepare to treat the client for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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