A nurse is providing care for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory findings indicates the client most likely to be diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A. Treatment is not needed if the client is hemodynamically stable. Even if a client is hemodynamically stable, a pulmonary embolism still poses a serious risk of progression or recurrence and requires anticoagulation or other appropriate interventions to prevent complications or death.
B. Treatment is not needed if the client is asymptomatic. An asymptomatic pulmonary embolism is still clinically significant. Without treatment, clots can enlarge or lead to future embolic events. Thus, treatment is still warranted regardless of symptom presence.
C. Treatment is needed for all clients who have a pulmonary embolism. All clients with a diagnosed pulmonary embolism should receive prompt treatment, such as anticoagulants or thrombolytics depending on severity, to prevent morbidity and mortality from clot progression or recurrence.
D. Treatment is not needed if the pulmonary embolism is intermediate. Intermediate-risk pulmonary embolisms require medical management and close monitoring. Treatment decisions may vary, but anticoagulation is still generally indicated to avoid complications like right ventricular failure.

A. Decreased urinary sodium: In SIADH, urinary sodium is typically not decreased. The kidneys continue to excrete sodium even in the presence of low serum sodium, due to the inappropriate retention of water. This results in normal or elevated urinary sodium levels, making decreased urinary sodium inconsistent with SIADH.
B. Increased serum sodium: SIADH is characterized by the retention of free water, which leads to dilutional hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. The excess water dilutes sodium concentration in the blood, resulting in decreased rather than increased serum sodium. Elevated serum sodium would suggest dehydration or another endocrine issue.
C. Decreased urine osmolality: In SIADH, the kidneys respond to the high levels of antidiuretic hormone by concentrating the urine. As a result, urine osmolality is typically elevated, not decreased. Dilute urine would be more consistent with diabetes insipidus rather than SIADH.
D. Decreased serum osmolality: This is a key diagnostic feature of SIADH. The excessive release of ADH causes the body to retain water, which dilutes the blood and lowers serum osmolality. This dilutional effect also contributes to hyponatremia and associated neurological symptoms.