A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to teach about kidney stone prevention?

The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of severe flank pain, nausea, and vomiting.

The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of polyuria, nocturia, proteinuria, and a palpable kidney mass.

The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of urinary urgency, weak urine stream, and dysuria.

The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of periorbital edema, dark frothy urine, and elevated blood pressure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of severe flank pain, nausea, and vomiting: These are hallmark signs of a current or recent episode of kidney stones. Once the acute symptoms are managed, this client would benefit the most from kidney stone prevention education, including dietary modifications and increased fluid intake, to reduce recurrence risk.
B. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of polyuria, nocturia, proteinuria, and a palpable kidney mass: These signs suggest a chronic kidney condition such as polycystic kidney disease or another form of kidney pathology rather than nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone prevention is not the primary teaching focus for this client.
C. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of urinary urgency, weak urine stream, and dysuria: These symptoms are more consistent with a lower urinary tract condition such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or a urinary tract infection, rather than kidney stones. Prevention teaching should be focused on the underlying cause.
D. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of periorbital edema, dark frothy urine, and elevated blood pressure: These symptoms point to nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis, which involve protein loss and renal inflammation. The pathophysiology here differs from that of kidney stone formation, and stone prevention would not be the priority.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Headache: The headache phase involves throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia. It occurs after the aura phase and does not typically include sensory disturbances like tingling or visual changes.
B. Prodrome: The prodrome occurs hours to days before the migraine and includes subtle symptoms such as mood changes, food cravings, neck stiffness, or increased urination. It does not include neurological symptoms like visual disturbances or tingling.
C. Postdrome: Also known as the postdrome or recovery phase, this follows the headache phase. Clients may feel fatigued, confused, or drained but do not typically report sensory symptoms like those seen in the aura phase.
D. Aura: The aura phase is characterized by neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances (e.g., blind spots or flashing lights) and sensory changes (e.g., facial tingling). These symptoms occur shortly before the onset of the headache and are classic indicators of this phase.

A. MS hug B. Paroxysmal spasms C. Lhermitte's sign D. Trigeminal neuralgia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. MS hug: The "MS hug" refers to a tight or squeezing sensation around the torso, often caused by muscle spasms or spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). This is a common symptom in MS and can feel like pressure or a tight band around the chest or abdomen.
B. Paroxysmal spasms: Paroxysmal spasms are sudden, short episodes of intense muscle contractions. While these spasms may occur in MS, the sensation described in the question is more specific to the MS hug, which involves a sensation of tightness rather than spasm.
C. Lhermitte's sign: Lhermitte's sign is a sudden, electric shock-like feeling that runs down the spine or limbs when the neck is flexed. This sign is common in individuals with multiple sclerosis but does not describe the tightening sensation around the torso.
D. Trigeminal neuralgia: Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe facial pain due to irritation of the trigeminal nerve, not a tightening sensation around the torso. It typically presents as sharp, stabbing pain along the facial nerve distribution.

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A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to teach about kidney stone prevention?

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