A nurse is caring for a client who has pleural effusion and has undergone thoracentesis.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indicative of an infection?

Milky fluid.

Bloody fluid.

Viscous fluid.

Purulent fluid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Milky fluid often indicates chylothorax, a condition where lymphatic fluid leaks into the pleural space, and is not necessarily indicative of infection.

Choice B rationale

Bloody fluid may indicate trauma or malignancy but not necessarily infection.

Choice C rationale

Viscous fluid can be related to various conditions, including malignant effusion, but does not specifically indicate infection.

Choice D rationale

Purulent fluid is indicative of an infection as it contains pus, which is a collection of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Cyanosis is a late sign of hypoxemia and not the most common initial manifestation of ARDS. It indicates severe oxygen deprivation but doesn’t typically appear first.

Choice B rationale

Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, can occur with many conditions causing distress, but it’s not specifically the most common presenting symptom of ARDS. It's more of a nonspecific symptom of stress.

Choice C rationale

Somnolence, or drowsiness, might occur in severe respiratory distress when oxygen levels drop significantly, but it’s not the primary or most common presenting manifestation of ARDS.

Choice D rationale

Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is the hallmark of ARDS and the most common presenting symptom. It occurs due to the acute onset of severe hypoxemia caused by the underlying pathophysiology of ARDS.

A. Metabolic acidosis. B. Metabolic alkalosis. C. Respiratory alkalosis. D. Respiratory acidosis.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and decreased HCO₃ levels, not increased PaCO₂.

Choice B rationale

Metabolic alkalosis presents with an elevated pH and increased HCO₃ levels, which do not match the given values.

Choice C rationale

Respiratory alkalosis is indicated by a high pH and decreased PaCO₂, opposite of the provided values.

Choice D rationale

Respiratory acidosis is identified by a low pH, elevated PaCO₂, and normal HCO₃, aligning with the provided values.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has pleural effusion and has undergone thoracentesis.The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indicative of an infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has suspected acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The nurse should identify which of the following is the most common presenting manifestation of ARDS?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client.The pH is 7.32, PaCO₂ 48 mm Hg and the HCO₃ is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following acid-base balances?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who has pleural effusion and has undergone thoracentesis.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indicative of an infection?