A nurse is planning care for a client who has cirrhosis of the liver.
Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale

Cyanosis is a late sign of hypoxemia and not the most common initial manifestation of ARDS. It indicates severe oxygen deprivation but doesn’t typically appear first.

Choice B rationale

Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, can occur with many conditions causing distress, but it’s not specifically the most common presenting symptom of ARDS. It's more of a nonspecific symptom of stress.

Choice C rationale

Somnolence, or drowsiness, might occur in severe respiratory distress when oxygen levels drop significantly, but it’s not the primary or most common presenting manifestation of ARDS.

Choice D rationale

Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is the hallmark of ARDS and the most common presenting symptom. It occurs due to the acute onset of severe hypoxemia caused by the underlying pathophysiology of ARDS.

Choice A rationale

Respiratory alkalosis involves low carbon dioxide levels, which is not typical in COPD exacerbations.

Choice B rationale

Respiratory acidosis occurs due to impaired gas exchange and carbon dioxide retention in COPD.

Choice C rationale

Metabolic acidosis results from renal or metabolic issues, not primarily respiratory issues like in COPD.

Choice D rationale

Metabolic alkalosis involves high bicarbonate levels and is not typically associated with COPD exacerbations. .