A nurse is providing education to a client who is suspected of having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in client education?

"This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin."

"This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health."

"Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance."

"Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin.": Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Patients require insulin therapy for management.

B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health.": Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires continuous insulin therapy.

C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance.": An HbA1c level of 5.7% or below is considered normal or indicative of well-controlled blood glucose levels, not impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance is typically identified with HbA1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4%.

D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar.": In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly or completely non-functional, meaning dietary changes alone are insufficient. Insulin replacement is necessary.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP): PAWP measures left atrial pressure, which is typically increased in left-sided heart failure, not right-sided. Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic congestion rather than pulmonary congestion.

B. Decreased specific gravity: Specific gravity measures urine concentration. It is not a primary indicator of heart failure. Heart failure usually affects fluid balance rather than specific urine concentration.

C. Elevated central venous pressure (CVP): CVP reflects the pressure in the right atrium and central veins, which is elevated in right-sided heart failure due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation. This results in increased venous pressure.

D. Decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): BNP levels are typically elevated in heart failure, as they reflect the degree of ventricular stretching and fluid overload. A decrease would not be expected in acute heart failure.

A. Carvedilol B. Isosorbide dinitrate C. Fluticasone D. Captopril

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Carvedilol: Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that can worsen asthma symptoms because it can cause bronchoconstriction. Non-selective beta-blockers like carvedilol can exacerbate respiratory conditions and should be used with caution in asthmatic patients.

B. Isosorbide dinitrate: Isosorbide dinitrate is a vasodilator used to reduce the workload on the heart by dilating blood vessels. It does not affect respiratory function and is safe for use in clients with asthma.

C. Fluticasone: Fluticasone is a corticosteroid used to manage asthma by reducing inflammation in the airways. It is beneficial for clients with asthma and does not require clarification.

D. Captopril: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat heart failure. It does not directly affect asthma and is generally safe for use in clients with respiratory conditions.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who is suspected of having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in client education?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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