A nurse is providing education to a client who is suspected of having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in client education?

"This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin."

"This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health."

"Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance."

"Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin.": Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Patients require insulin therapy for management.

B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health.": Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires continuous insulin therapy.

C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance.": An HbA1c level of 5.7% or below is considered normal or indicative of well-controlled blood glucose levels, not impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance is typically identified with HbA1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4%.

D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar.": In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly or completely non-functional, meaning dietary changes alone are insufficient. Insulin replacement is necessary.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Empyema: Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, not a type of pneumonia. It is usually a complication of pneumonia rather than a description of the pneumonia itself.

B. Bronchopneumonia: Bronchopneumonia involves patchy consolidation that is usually scattered throughout the lung fields, not confined to a single lobe. It affects the bronchi and surrounding lung parenchyma.

C. Severe pneumonia: The term "severe pneumonia" describes the severity of the disease but does not specify the pattern of consolidation. It does not indicate whether the consolidation is lobar or patchy.

D. Lobar pneumonia: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation that involves an entire lobe of the lung. It typically presents with homogenous radiographic opacification of one or more lobes, often caused by pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A. Chloride 99 mEq/L B. Calcium 10 mg/dL C. Sodium 136 mEq/L D. Potassium 2.3 mEq/L

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Chloride 99 mEq/L: A chloride level of 99 mEq/L is within the normal range (96-106 mEq/L) and is not typically a cause for concern. It does not indicate any significant imbalance that would require immediate attention.

B. Calcium 10 mg/dL: A calcium level of 10 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL). Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypercalcemia, but a level of 10 mg/dL is still within acceptable limits and not alarming.

C. Sodium 136 mEq/L: A sodium level of 136 mEq/L is within the normal range (135-145 mEq/L). While hydrochlorothiazide can cause electrolyte imbalances, this sodium level does not indicate hyponatremia or hypernatremia and is not a critical finding.

D. Potassium 2.3 mEq/L: A potassium level of 2.3 mEq/L is significantly below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates severe hypokalemia. This is a critical finding that needs to be reported because low potassium levels can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who is suspected of having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in client education?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In which of the following types of pneumonia does consolidation involve the entire lobe of the lung?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the serum laboratory findings for a client who has hypertension and is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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