A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

4 oz diet soda

1 tsp sugar

4 oz skim milk

Graham crackers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.

B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.

C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.

D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Helping the client select a low-salt diet: While a low-salt diet is important for managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure, it does not directly affect the viscosity of bronchial secretions in COPD.

B. Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily: Increasing fluid intake helps to thin bronchial secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Adequate hydration is essential for patients with COPD to manage mucus and reduce the risk of respiratory infections.

C. Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible: This position can help improve lung expansion and ease breathing but does not specifically help in loosening or thinning bronchial secretions.

D. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min: Oxygen therapy is important for maintaining adequate oxygenation in COPD patients but does not address the issue of tenacious secretions directly.

A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is Inflammation, edema, and excess mucus. B. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter. C. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction. D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm is typically associated with inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production in the airways, which leads to narrowing of the airways and difficulty in breathing. This trio of factors contributes to the obstruction of airflow seen in asthma.

B. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: Inflammation is not reduced in bronchospasm; in fact, inflammation is increased. It is the swelling and narrowing of the airways that contribute to the symptoms of asthma, not a reduction of inflammation.

C. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: In asthma, there is typically increased, not decreased, mucus production, which contributes to airway obstruction and exacerbates bronchospasm.

D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Airway obstruction in asthma is due to thickened mucus, inflammation, and edema, not thinning mucus. The mucus becomes sticky and blocks the airways, making breathing difficult.

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A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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