A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

4 oz diet soda

1 tsp sugar

4 oz skim milk

Graham crackers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.

B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.

C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.

D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Jugular distention: Jugular vein distention is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, where there is a backlog of blood into the venous system due to poor right heart function. Left-sided heart failure primarily affects the pulmonary system.

B. Frothy sputum: Frothy sputum is indicative of pulmonary edema, a hallmark of left-sided heart failure. When the left side of the heart fails, blood backs up into the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation and frothy or blood-tinged sputum.

C. Dependent edema: Dependent edema (e.g., swelling in the legs) is more characteristic of right-sided heart failure, where there is fluid retention in the systemic circulation. Left-sided heart failure is more associated with pulmonary symptoms.

D. Nocturnal polyuria: Nocturnal polyuria can occur in both types of heart failure as fluid that accumulates during the day is mobilized at night when the person lies down. However, it is not the most distinctive sign of left-sided heart failure compared to pulmonary symptoms.

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL B. Malignant hypertension C. Cheyne-Stokes breathing D. Acetone odor to breath

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, typically with blood glucose levels significantly elevated above normal, often exceeding 250 mg/dL. A glucose level below 40 mg/dL would indicate hypoglycemia, which is not a feature of DKA.

B. Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by extremely high blood pressure and is not directly associated with DKA. DKA primarily involves issues with glucose and acid-base balance rather than hypertension.

C. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a specific pattern of periodic breathing typically seen in severe neurologic conditions or heart failure, not in DKA. DKA is associated with Kussmaul breathing, which is deep and rapid breathing as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

D. Acetone odor to breath: An acetone (fruity) odor to the breath is a classic sign of DKA due to the presence of ketones in the blood and urine. This occurs because the body is breaking down fatty acids for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted through the breath and urine.

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A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

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