A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?
HbA1c = 5.6%
Client reports smoking cessation
Weight gain of 5 lb
Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/Dl
The Correct Answer is A
A. HbA1c = 5.6%. HbA1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 5.6% is within the normal range (below 5.7%), indicating good glycemic control. This suggests that the client’s diabetes is well managed, potentially indicating that the beta cells are functioning well and insulin sensitivity has improved.
B. Client reports smoking cessation: While smoking cessation is very beneficial for overall health and can improve diabetes management, it does not directly indicate beta cell function restoration. It is more related to reducing cardiovascular risks and improving long-term health outcomes.
C. Weight gain of 5 lb: Weight gain is not typically a sign of improving beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes indicate poor control of diabetes, as insulin resistance can worsen with increased weight. It is not a direct measure of beta cell activity.
D. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL: A fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range and suggests poor glycemic control, indicating that beta cells are not functioning adequately to maintain normal glucose levels. This value points to ongoing issues with insulin resistance or secretion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hepatomegaly: Hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver, is a common finding in right-sided heart failure due to congestion of the liver from impaired venous return. It indicates systemic venous congestion.
B. Crackles in the lungs: Crackles in the lungs are more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure, which leads to pulmonary congestion. Right-sided heart failure primarily causes systemic venous congestion rather than pulmonary issues.
C. Dry, hacking cough: A dry, hacking cough is not typically associated with right-sided heart failure. It is more related to left-sided heart failure or other pulmonary conditions.
D. Dizziness: Dizziness can occur in various conditions, including heart failure, but it is not a specific finding for right-sided heart failure. It is often due to decreased cardiac output or orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Chloride 99 mEq/L: A chloride level of 99 mEq/L is within the normal range (96-106 mEq/L) and is not typically a cause for concern. It does not indicate any significant imbalance that would require immediate attention.
B. Calcium 10 mg/dL: A calcium level of 10 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL). Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypercalcemia, but a level of 10 mg/dL is still within acceptable limits and not alarming.
C. Sodium 136 mEq/L: A sodium level of 136 mEq/L is within the normal range (135-145 mEq/L). While hydrochlorothiazide can cause electrolyte imbalances, this sodium level does not indicate hyponatremia or hypernatremia and is not a critical finding.
D. Potassium 2.3 mEq/L: A potassium level of 2.3 mEq/L is significantly below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates severe hypokalemia. This is a critical finding that needs to be reported because low potassium levels can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.
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