A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

HbA1c = 5.6%

Client reports smoking cessation

Weight gain of 5 lb

Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/Dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HbA1c = 5.6%. HbA1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 5.6% is within the normal range (below 5.7%), indicating good glycemic control. This suggests that the client’s diabetes is well managed, potentially indicating that the beta cells are functioning well and insulin sensitivity has improved.

B. Client reports smoking cessation: While smoking cessation is very beneficial for overall health and can improve diabetes management, it does not directly indicate beta cell function restoration. It is more related to reducing cardiovascular risks and improving long-term health outcomes.

C. Weight gain of 5 lb: Weight gain is not typically a sign of improving beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes indicate poor control of diabetes, as insulin resistance can worsen with increased weight. It is not a direct measure of beta cell activity.

D. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL: A fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range and suggests poor glycemic control, indicating that beta cells are not functioning adequately to maintain normal glucose levels. This value points to ongoing issues with insulin resistance or secretion.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Chronic cough: Chronic cough is a hallmark symptom of COPD. It results from inflammation and increased mucus production in the airways, leading to a persistent cough that often produces sputum.

B. Sputum production: Sputum production is common in COPD due to chronic bronchitis, which is part of the disease spectrum. It reflects the ongoing inflammation and irritation of the airways.

C. Dyspnea: Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a primary symptom of COPD. It occurs due to airflow limitation and reduced lung capacity, making it difficult for the patient to breathe, especially during physical activity.

D. Wheezing: Wheezing can occur in COPD as a result of narrowed airways due to inflammation and mucus build-up. It is a common but not universally present symptom.

B. Sputum production: Sputum production is common in COPD due to chronic bronchitis, which is part of the disease spectrum. It reflects the ongoing inflammation and irritation of the airways.

D. Wheezing: Wheezing can occur in COPD as a result of narrowed airways due to inflammation and mucus build-up. It is a common but not universally present symptom.

E. Chest tightness: Chest tightness is also a common symptom of COPD, reflecting the discomfort and difficulty in breathing caused by the constriction and inflammation of the airways.

A. Percuss each lung segment for 15 min. B. Perform vibration during the client's inspirations. C. Administer albuterol prior to CPT. D. Perform CPT immediately after the child eats.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Percuss each lung segment for 15 min.: Percussing each lung segment for 15 minutes is excessive and could be uncomfortable or even harmful to the child. CPT sessions are typically shorter and are rotated among different lung segments to effectively clear secretions without causing discomfort or damage.

B. Perform vibration during the client's inspirations. Vibration is usually performed during the client's expirations, not inspirations. This helps to dislodge mucus and facilitate its removal during the exhalation phase when the airways are narrowing and pushing mucus out.

C. Administer albuterol prior to CPT: Administering a bronchodilator like albuterol before CPT helps to open the airways, making it easier to clear mucus. This is a recommended practice to enhance the effectiveness of CPT and improve airway clearance.

D. Perform CPT immediately after the child eats. Performing CPT immediately after eating is not advisable because it can lead to discomfort, nausea, or vomiting. It is typically recommended to wait at least 1-2 hours after meals to perform CPT.

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A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

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