A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

HbA1c = 5.6%

Client reports smoking cessation

Weight gain of 5 lb

Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/Dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HbA1c = 5.6%. HbA1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 5.6% is within the normal range (below 5.7%), indicating good glycemic control. This suggests that the client’s diabetes is well managed, potentially indicating that the beta cells are functioning well and insulin sensitivity has improved.

B. Client reports smoking cessation: While smoking cessation is very beneficial for overall health and can improve diabetes management, it does not directly indicate beta cell function restoration. It is more related to reducing cardiovascular risks and improving long-term health outcomes.

C. Weight gain of 5 lb: Weight gain is not typically a sign of improving beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes indicate poor control of diabetes, as insulin resistance can worsen with increased weight. It is not a direct measure of beta cell activity.

D. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL: A fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range and suggests poor glycemic control, indicating that beta cells are not functioning adequately to maintain normal glucose levels. This value points to ongoing issues with insulin resistance or secretion.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin.": Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Patients require insulin therapy for management.

B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health.": Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires continuous insulin therapy.

C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance.": An HbA1c level of 5.7% or below is considered normal or indicative of well-controlled blood glucose levels, not impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance is typically identified with HbA1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4%.

D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar.": In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly or completely non-functional, meaning dietary changes alone are insufficient. Insulin replacement is necessary.

A. Aortic stenosis B. Heart failure C. Asthma D. Aortic valve regurgitation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Aortic stenosis: While aortic stenosis can cause fatigue and dyspnea, it typically presents with a systolic murmur and symptoms related to reduced blood flow out of the left ventricle, such as syncope or angina. However, tachycardia and weak pulses are less characteristic without advanced disease and heart failure.

B. Heart failure: Dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, and weak peripheral pulses are common manifestations of heart failure. The heart's inability to pump effectively leads to reduced cardiac output and poor perfusion of tissues, resulting in these symptoms

C. Asthma: Asthma is characterized primarily by respiratory symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, especially during an attack. It does not typically cause tachycardia and weak peripheral pulses as a primary manifestation.

D. Aortic valve regurgitation: This condition can lead to symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue due to decreased cardiac efficiency, but it more commonly presents with a diastolic murmur, wide pulse pressure, and a characteristic bounding pulse rather than weak peripheral pulses.

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A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

Nursing Test Bank

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