A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who is actively dying from a catastrophic injury. Which of the following is the priority in planning care for this client?

A. Obesity increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: Obesity is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Excess fat tissue, especially around the neck and throat, can obstruct the airway during sleep, leading to breathing difficulties. Managing obesity can help reduce the severity of OSA and prevent its development.
B. Alcohol does not affect the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: Alcohol actually increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. It relaxes the muscles in the throat, which can lead to airway obstruction during sleep. This makes alcohol consumption a modifiable risk factor for OSA, and it should be avoided by individuals at risk.
C. Sedatives do not impact the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: Sedatives, like alcohol, can relax the muscles of the throat and contribute to airway collapse, which can worsen the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore, sedatives do impact the risk of OSA, and they should be avoided, especially in individuals with existing sleep apnea.
D. CPAP compliance enhances quality of sleep: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Adherence to CPAP therapy significantly improves sleep quality by keeping the airway open during sleep. CPAP has been shown to reduce daytime fatigue, improve cognitive function, and prevent the complications of untreated OSA.
E. Smoking increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: Smoking increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea by causing inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway. These changes can make it more likely for the airway to collapse during sleep, exacerbating OSA symptoms. Quitting smoking can help reduce the severity of OSA.
F. Positional therapy enhances client comfort: Positional therapy involves sleeping in positions that prevent the airway from becoming obstructed, such as avoiding sleeping on the back. This approach can improve comfort and reduce symptoms in individuals with mild obstructive sleep apnea. While it may not be effective for all patients, it can be an important part of managing OSA,

A. Urinary urgency: Urinary urgency is not typically a primary symptom of renal calculi. While it can occur if the stone is near the bladder or if there is an associated urinary tract infection (UTI), it is not directly linked to the presence of kidney stones. The more common symptoms include pain and hematuria.
B. Flank pain: Flank pain is one of the hallmark symptoms of renal calculi. It occurs when the stone obstructs or irritates the renal pelvis or the ureter, causing intense pain. This pain typically radiates from the lower back or side toward the groin, depending on the stone's location. It is a significant indicator of renal calculi.
C. Gastrointestinal upset: Gastrointestinal upset can occur, but it is not specific to renal calculi. It may be a secondary symptom, such as nausea or vomiting, which can happen when pain from kidney stones is intense. However, gastrointestinal symptoms are not a primary diagnostic feature of renal calculi.
D. Fever: Fever can occur in the presence of renal calculi, especially if the stone causes an obstruction that leads to infection, such as a urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis. A fever is a sign that the infection has likely reached the kidneys, and it is a critical symptom to monitor.
E. Incontinence: Incontinence is not a typical symptom of renal calculi. While stones may cause discomfort or urgency, they do not generally lead to incontinence. Incontinence is more commonly associated with other urinary tract issues, such as infections or neurological disorders.