A nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DK

Exercise

Elevation of legs

Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps

Ankle-brachial index test

Layered wraps

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Choice A reason: Exercise

Exercise is a crucial component in the management of peripheral venous disease (PVD). Regular physical activity helps improve blood circulation and reduces symptoms such as pain and swelling. Walking, in particular, is highly recommended as it promotes venous return and enhances overall cardiovascular health. Exercise also helps in weight management, which can alleviate the pressure on the veins and improve symptoms of PVD.

Choice B reason: Elevation of Legs

Elevating the legs is a simple yet effective way to reduce swelling and improve blood flow in patients with PVD1. By raising the legs above the level of the heart, gravity helps to reduce the pooling of blood in the lower extremities, thereby decreasing edema and discomfort. This practice is especially beneficial when done regularly, such as during rest periods or while sleeping.

Choice C reason: Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Pumps

Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) pumps are devices used to enhance blood flow in the legs. These devices consist of inflatable sleeves that wrap around the legs and periodically inflate and deflate, mimicking the natural muscle contractions that help push blood back toward the heart. IPC pumps are particularly useful for patients who are immobile or have difficulty engaging in physical activity, as they help prevent blood clots and reduce swelling.

Choice D reason: Ankle-Brachial Index Test

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is a diagnostic tool used to assess the severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD), not peripheral venous disease. The test compares the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm to determine the presence of arterial blockages. While the ABI test is important for diagnosing PAD, it is not a treatment or management strategy for PVD. Therefore, it is not included in the plan of care for PVD.

Choice E reason: Layered Wraps

Layered wraps, also known as compression bandages, are used to manage symptoms of PVD by providing consistent pressure to the legs. These wraps help reduce swelling, improve venous return, and prevent the formation of ulcers. Compression therapy is a cornerstone in the management of chronic venous insufficiency and related conditions, making layered wraps an essential part of the care plan for patients with PVD.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Thickening of the walls of the ventricles is not typically associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). This condition is more characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. In RCM, the walls of the ventricles are usually not thickened but become rigid due to fibrosis or infiltration, which restricts the heart’s ability to fill with blood during diastole.

Choice B reason:

Stretching of the ventricles is more commonly seen in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), not restrictive cardiomyopathy. In DCM, the heart’s ventricles become enlarged and weakened, which impairs the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. RCM, on the other hand, involves stiffening of the ventricular walls without significant dilation.

Choice C reason:

Thickening of the ventricular walls and septum is a hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), not restrictive cardiomyopathy. In HCM, the thickened walls can obstruct blood flow and lead to various complications. RCM is characterized by the stiffening of the ventricular walls due to fibrosis or infiltration, which restricts diastolic filling.

Choice D reason:

When the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty is the correct description of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). In RCM, the heart’s ventricles become stiff and less elastic due to fibrosis (scarring) or infiltration by abnormal substances, such as amyloid proteins. This rigidity impairs the heart’s ability to fill properly during diastole, leading to symptoms of heart failure

A. Hypokalemia B. Surgery C. Renal failure D. Sickle cell disease

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is primarily related to issues with the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Hypokalemia can affect kidney function but does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus.

Choice B Reason:

Surgery, particularly brain surgery, can cause central diabetes insipidus by damaging the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. These structures are crucial for the production and release of ADH, which regulates water balance in the body. Damage to these areas during surgery can lead to a deficiency in ADH, resulting in central diabetes insipidus.

Choice C Reason:

Renal failure is not a cause of central diabetes insipidus. While renal failure affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and balance fluids, central diabetes insipidus is related to a deficiency in ADH production or release. Renal failure can lead to other types of diabetes insipidus, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys do not respond properly to ADH.

Choice D Reason:

Sickle cell disease is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Sickle cell disease primarily affects red blood cells and can lead to various complications, including kidney damage. However, it does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus, which is related to issues with ADH production or release.

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A nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DK

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Which of the following statements should the nurse cue in the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing care for a client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). Which of the following is a cause of acquired central diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing care for a 71-year-old client who has diabetes insipidus (DI) and is receiving treatment with desmopressin. Which of the following lab values is most important for the nurse to monitor?

A nurse is providing education about insulin management to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the nurse about injection site selection is accurate?

Teaching a patient who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized?The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been prescribed doses of insulin.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral artery disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as requiring immediate intervention?

A nurse is reviewing a client’s laboratory results and sees that their hemoglobin A1C is 9. Which of the following statements from the nurse is appropriate?

A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

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