A nurse is providing care for a client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). Which of the following is a cause of acquired central diabetes insipidus?

Hypokalemia

Surgery

Renal failure

Sickle cell disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:

Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is primarily related to issues with the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Hypokalemia can affect kidney function but does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus.

Choice B Reason:

Surgery, particularly brain surgery, can cause central diabetes insipidus by damaging the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. These structures are crucial for the production and release of ADH, which regulates water balance in the body. Damage to these areas during surgery can lead to a deficiency in ADH, resulting in central diabetes insipidus.

Choice C Reason:

Renal failure is not a cause of central diabetes insipidus. While renal failure affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and balance fluids, central diabetes insipidus is related to a deficiency in ADH production or release. Renal failure can lead to other types of diabetes insipidus, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys do not respond properly to ADH.

Choice D Reason:

Sickle cell disease is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Sickle cell disease primarily affects red blood cells and can lead to various complications, including kidney damage. However, it does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus, which is related to issues with ADH production or release.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Thickening of the walls of the ventricles is not typically associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). This condition is more characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. In RCM, the walls of the ventricles are usually not thickened but become rigid due to fibrosis or infiltration, which restricts the heart’s ability to fill with blood during diastole.

Choice B reason:

Stretching of the ventricles is more commonly seen in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), not restrictive cardiomyopathy. In DCM, the heart’s ventricles become enlarged and weakened, which impairs the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. RCM, on the other hand, involves stiffening of the ventricular walls without significant dilation.

Choice C reason:

Thickening of the ventricular walls and septum is a hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), not restrictive cardiomyopathy. In HCM, the thickened walls can obstruct blood flow and lead to various complications. RCM is characterized by the stiffening of the ventricular walls due to fibrosis or infiltration, which restricts diastolic filling.

Choice D reason:

When the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty is the correct description of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). In RCM, the heart’s ventricles become stiff and less elastic due to fibrosis (scarring) or infiltration by abnormal substances, such as amyloid proteins. This rigidity impairs the heart’s ability to fill properly during diastole, leading to symptoms of heart failure

A. Keeping supplies on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes is important. B. Increasing exercise can help with hypoglycemia. C. Clients with hypoglycemia cannot participate in religious/cultural fasting. D. Clients will usually have obvious manifestations of hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Keeping supplies on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes is crucial for clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can occur suddenly and needs immediate treatment to prevent severe complications such as loss of consciousness or seizures. Supplies such as glucose tablets, juice, or candy can quickly raise blood sugar levels. The American Diabetes Association recommends that individuals with diabetes always carry a source of fast-acting carbohydrate to treat hypoglycemia. This proactive approach ensures that clients can manage their condition effectively and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemic events.

Choice B reason:

Increasing exercise can help with hypoglycemia is not an appropriate statement. While regular exercise is beneficial for managing diabetes overall, it can actually increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially if not properly managed. Exercise increases insulin sensitivity, which can lower blood glucose levels. Therefore, clients need to monitor their blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise and adjust their carbohydrate intake or insulin dosage accordingly. Advising increased exercise without proper guidance on managing blood sugar levels can be dangerous for clients with type 1 diabetes.

Choice C reason:

Clients with hypoglycemia cannot participate in religious/cultural fasting is not entirely accurate. While fasting can pose challenges for individuals with diabetes, it is not impossible. Clients can participate in fasting with careful planning and medical supervision. They need to monitor their blood sugar levels more frequently and adjust their medication and food intake accordingly. Healthcare providers can work with clients to develop a plan that allows them to observe their religious or cultural practices safely. Therefore, a blanket statement that clients cannot participate in fasting is not appropriate.

Choice D reason:

Clients will usually have obvious manifestations of hypoglycemia is not always true. Hypoglycemia can present with a variety of symptoms, and not all clients will experience obvious signs. Common symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and irritability, but some individuals may have hypoglycemia unawareness, where they do not recognize the symptoms until their blood sugar levels are very low. This condition can be particularly dangerous as it increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Therefore, it is important for clients to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels rather than relying solely on symptoms.

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A nurse is providing care for a client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). Which of the following is a cause of acquired central diabetes insipidus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Which of the following statements should the nurse cue in the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and has been experiencing hypoglycemic episodes. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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