A nurse is providing education to a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following information should the nurse include about the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Choice A Reason:

While monitoring the frequency of urination is important for managing diabetes insipidus, it is not the most critical aspect of discharge teaching. Diabetes insipidus causes excessive urination, and patients should be aware of this symptom. However, understanding the importance of wearing a medical alert bracelet is more crucial for ensuring immediate and appropriate care in emergencies.

Choice B Reason:

Changes in appetite are not a primary concern for patients with diabetes insipidus. The condition primarily affects fluid balance and urine output rather than appetite. Therefore, this topic is less relevant compared to the need for a medical alert bracelet.

Choice C Reason:

The benefit of a medical alert bracelet is paramount for patients with diabetes insipidus. In case of an emergency, the bracelet can inform healthcare providers about the patient’s condition, ensuring they receive appropriate and timely treatment. This can be life-saving, especially if the patient is unable to communicate their medical history.

Choice D Reason:

Weight gain or loss can be a secondary concern for patients with diabetes insipidus, as the condition primarily affects fluid balance. While it is important to monitor weight to assess fluid status, it is not as critical as ensuring the patient understands the importance of wearing a medical alert bracelet.

The correct answer is a) Serum potassium levels.

Choice A reason:

Serum potassium levels are crucial to monitor in clients with hypervolemia, ketoacidosis, and metabolic acidosis. Potassium imbalances are common in these conditions due to shifts between intracellular and extracellular compartments. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), for example, insulin deficiency and acidosis cause potassium to move out of cells, leading to hyperkalemia. However, once treatment with insulin begins, potassium shifts back into cells, which can cause hypokalemia. Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can have serious cardiac implications, making it essential to monitor and manage potassium levels closely.

Choice B reason:

Serum calcium levels are important for overall health, but they are not the primary concern in the context of hypervolemia, ketoacidosis, and metabolic acidosis. While calcium imbalances can occur, they are less common and less immediately life-threatening compared to potassium imbalances. Monitoring calcium is still necessary, but it does not require the same level of immediate intervention.

Choice C reason:

Serum sodium levels are also important to monitor, especially in conditions like hypervolemia where fluid balance is disrupted. However, sodium imbalances are typically managed through fluid management and do not pose the same immediate risk as potassium imbalances in the context of ketoacidosis and metabolic acidosis. Hyponatremia or hypernatremia can cause neurological symptoms, but these are generally less acute compared to the cardiac risks associated with potassium imbalances.

Choice D reason:

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels provide information about kidney function and hydration status. Elevated BUN can indicate dehydration or renal impairment, which are relevant in the context of hypervolemia and ketoacidosis. However, BUN levels do not require the same level of immediate intervention as potassium levels. Monitoring BUN is important for overall management but is not the primary concern in acute settings.