A nurse is preparing to develop a plan of care for a school-aged child who has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse include in the plan of care?

Choice A reason: Pyloric stenosis is a condition in which the muscle at the outlet of the stomach (the pylorus) becomes thickened and obstructs the passage of food into the small intestine. It usually occurs in infants between 2 and 8 weeks of age, and is more common in males. The main symptoms are projectile vomiting after feeding, dehydration, weight loss, and a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

Choice B reason: Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly, allowing the stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus. It is common in infants, especially those who are bottle-fed, and usually resolves by 12 months of age. The main symptoms are regurgitation, spitting up, irritability, and poor weight gain.

Choice C reason: Celiac disease is a condition in which the immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and damages the lining of the small intestine. It can affect people of any age, but is usually diagnosed in childhood. The main symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, and failure to thrive.

Choice D reason: Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body lacks the enzyme lactase, which is needed to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It can affect people of any age, but is more common in adults and certain ethnic groups. The main symptoms are diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal cramps after consuming lactose-containing foods.

Choice A reason: Cranberry juice is not a good choice for a child who has had a tonsillectomy, as it is acidic and may cause pain and irritation to the throat. The nurse should avoid offering citrus juices or carbonated beverages to the child.

Choice B reason: Vanilla milkshake is also not a good choice for a child who has had a tonsillectomy, as it is thick and may coat the throat and interfere with healing. The nurse should avoid offering dairy products or foods that are sticky or hard to swallow to the child.

Choice C reason: Cubed ice is not a good choice for a child who has had a tonsillectomy, as it may be too cold and cause vasoconstriction and bleeding. The nurse should avoid offering very cold or very hot fluids to the child.

Choice D reason: Water is the best choice for a child who has had a tonsillectomy, as it is clear, bland, and hydrating. The nurse should encourage the child to drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and promote healing.