A nurse is caring for a child who has acute gastroenteritis but is able to tolerate oral fluids. The nurse should anticipate providing which of the following types of fluid?

Broth

Diluted apple juice

Oral rehydration solution

Water

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Broth: While broth can be a source of fluids, it does not contain the appropriate balance of electrolytes needed to rehydrate the body effectively. Gastroenteritis can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, so an oral rehydration solution (ORS) with the right proportions of salts and sugars is essential to replace these losses adequately.
B. Diluted apple juice: Diluted apple juice may not provide the proper electrolyte balance needed for rehydration in cases of gastroenteritis. In fact, apple juice is not recommended during episodes of acute gastroenteritis, as it can worsen diarrhea due to its high sugar content. This can lead to further dehydration and discomfort.
C. Oral rehydration solution (ORS): This is the correct answer. Oral rehydration solution is specifically designed to replace lost fluids and electrolytes in cases of gastroenteritis. It contains the right balance of salts and sugars to facilitate effective absorption in the intestines and help rehydrate the body. ORS is the recommended fluid for managing dehydration caused by gastroenteritis in children.
D. Water: While water is essential for hydration, it is not enough to effectively treat dehydration caused by gastroenteritis. Plain water does not contain the necessary electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride, which are lost during episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. Giving water alone may not adequately rehydrate the child and could potentially worsen the dehydration.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Apex of the heart:The apex of the heart is the preferred site for measuring an infant's heart rate. It is located at the 4th or 5th intercostal space, just medial to the midclavicular line, allowing for accurate auscultation of the heartbeat.

B. Carotid artery:While the carotid artery can be used to assess heart rate in older children and adults, it is not ideal for infants due to the risk of compromising circulation to the brain if pressure is applied too forcefully.

C. Brachial artery:The brachial artery is often used to assess pulse in infants, especially in cases of CPR, but it is not the preferred site for routine heart rate measurement. It may be used when assessing circulation or checking for pulses, but auscultation at the apex is more accurate for heart rate.

D. Radial artery:The radial artery can be difficult to palpate in infants due to their small size and is generally not used for heart rate assessment in this age group. The apex is a more reliable location.

A. help her body stop bleeding by forming a clot B. Fight the infection that she now has C. Increase her energy so she will not be so tired D. allows her parents to come visit her

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Severe anemia is a condition characterized by a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. This can result in fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath in the affected individual.

A red blood cell transfusion is given to a child with severe anemia to increase the number of red blood cells and, consequently, the hemoglobin level in the blood. This helps improve oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, which can lead to increased energy levels and reduced fatigue.

Option A is incorrect because red blood cell transfusion is not given to help the body stop bleeding by forming a clot. Platelets are responsible for clot formation, not red blood cells.

Option B is incorrect because a red blood cell transfusion is not used to fight infections. White blood cells and the immune system are responsible for fighting infections.

Option D is incorrect because a red blood cell transfusion is not given to allow her parents to come to visit her. Transfusions are medical treatments to address specific medical conditions and are not related to visitation rights.

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A nurse is caring for a child who has acute gastroenteritis but is able to tolerate oral fluids. The nurse should anticipate providing which of the following types of fluid?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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