A nurse is caring for a child who has acute gastroenteritis but is able to tolerate oral fluids. The nurse should anticipate providing which of the following types of fluid?

Broth

Diluted apple juice

Oral rehydration solution

Water

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Broth: While broth can be a source of fluids, it does not contain the appropriate balance of electrolytes needed to rehydrate the body effectively. Gastroenteritis can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, so an oral rehydration solution (ORS) with the right proportions of salts and sugars is essential to replace these losses adequately.
B. Diluted apple juice: Diluted apple juice may not provide the proper electrolyte balance needed for rehydration in cases of gastroenteritis. In fact, apple juice is not recommended during episodes of acute gastroenteritis, as it can worsen diarrhea due to its high sugar content. This can lead to further dehydration and discomfort.
C. Oral rehydration solution (ORS): This is the correct answer. Oral rehydration solution is specifically designed to replace lost fluids and electrolytes in cases of gastroenteritis. It contains the right balance of salts and sugars to facilitate effective absorption in the intestines and help rehydrate the body. ORS is the recommended fluid for managing dehydration caused by gastroenteritis in children.
D. Water: While water is essential for hydration, it is not enough to effectively treat dehydration caused by gastroenteritis. Plain water does not contain the necessary electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride, which are lost during episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. Giving water alone may not adequately rehydrate the child and could potentially worsen the dehydration.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A.Factor X is a clotting factor involved in the coagulation cascade. It is not directly related to preventing infections. While clotting factors are essential for hemostasis, they do not play a role in infection prevention.

B. Steroids can suppress the immune response, making the child more susceptible to infections. Therefore, they are not specifically administered to prevent infections

C. In a child with a sickle cell crisis who is hospitalized, preventing infections is crucial due to the increased risk of infections in this condition. Administering immunizations that the patient is scheduled for can help prevent certain infections.

Children with sickle cell disease are at a higher risk of bacterial infections, especially from encapsulated organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Vaccines can help protect against these pathogens and reduce the risk of serious infections.

Some of the recommended immunizations for children with sickle cell disease include:

Pneumococcal vaccine: This helps protect against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause severe respiratory and bloodstream infections.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine: This protects against infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B, which can lead to serious illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis.

Meningococcal vaccine: This protects against Neisseria meningitidis, which can cause meningitis and bloodstream infections.

Influenza vaccine: This annual vaccine helps protect against seasonal flu, which can be severe in children with sickle cell disease.

Administering these vaccines according to the recommended schedule helps provide protection against certain infections and can improve outcomes for children with sickle cell disease during hospitalization and beyond. The other options, Factor X, steroids, and PCA morphine, are not specific measures for preventing infections in a child with sickle cell crisis.

D.PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) morphine is used for pain management during a sickle cell crisis. It does not directly prevent infections.

A. "Offer fluids to your child multiple times every day. B. "Restrict outdoor play activity to 1 hour per day. C. "Monitor your child's temperature daily." D. "Apply cold compresses when your child expresses pain

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Children with sickle cell anemia are prone to dehydration, which can worsen the sickling of red blood cells and trigger a sickle cell crisis. Therefore, it is essential to maintain good hydration to prevent crises. Offering fluids to the child multiple times every day helps to keep them well-hydrated.
Option B is not necessary unless there is a specific medical reason to restrict outdoor play. Regular play is essential for a child's physical and emotional development.
Option C is important, but it is not specific to discharge teaching after an acute crisis episode. Monitoring the child's temperature daily is essential to detect early signs of infection, which can be a trigger for sickle cell crises.
Option D is not recommended because applying cold compresses can cause vasoconstriction and may worsen pain in children with sickle cell anemia. Heat therapy, warm compresses, or a warm bath are more appropriate for pain relief during a sickle cell crisis. However, pain management should be discussed with the healthcare provider to ensure the most appropriate approach for the individual child's needs.

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A nurse is caring for a child who has acute gastroenteritis but is able to tolerate oral fluids. The nurse should anticipate providing which of the following types of fluid?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

d

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is discharging a child who has sickle cell anemia after an acute crisis episode. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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