A nurse is preparing a community health program for adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse include as a modifiable risk factor?
Family history of cardiac disease.
Increasing age.
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Cigarette smoking.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Family history of cardiac disease is a non-modifiable risk factor. This means it cannot be changed or controlled through lifestyle or behavioral modifications. A family history of heart disease increases an individual’s risk, but it is not something that can be altered.
Choice B reason:
Increasing age is another non-modifiable risk factor. As people age, their risk for cardiovascular disease naturally increases. This is due to the cumulative effects of aging on the cardiovascular system, which cannot be changed.
Choice C reason:
The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is a complex risk factor. While the presence of diabetes itself is not modifiable, the management of diabetes through lifestyle changes, medication, and diet can significantly reduce cardiovascular risk. However, the condition itself remains a non-modifiable risk factor.
Choice D reason:
Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor. This means that individuals can reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease by quitting smoking. Smoking cessation has been shown to significantly lower the risk of heart disease and improve overall cardiovascular health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Take naproxen for generalized discomfort
Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can help with generalized discomfort. However, NSAIDs can cause fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. They can also increase the risk of kidney damage and gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in individuals with heart failure. Therefore, it is generally advised to avoid NSAIDs and use alternative pain relief methods, such as acetaminophen, under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Choice B reason: Notify the provider of a weight gain of 0.5 kg (1 lb) in a week
Monitoring weight is crucial for individuals with heart failure, as sudden weight gain can indicate fluid retention and worsening heart failure. A weight gain of 0.5 kg (1 lb) in a week is significant and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately. This allows for timely intervention to adjust medications or other treatments to prevent further complications. Regular weight monitoring helps in early detection of fluid buildup and effective management of heart failure.
Choice C reason: Take diuretics early in the morning and before bedtime
Diuretics are commonly prescribed to help reduce fluid buildup in individuals with heart failure. However, taking diuretics before bedtime can lead to frequent nighttime urination, disrupting sleep. It is generally recommended to take diuretics early in the morning to minimize this issue. If a second dose is needed, it should be taken in the early afternoon to avoid nighttime disturbances.
Choice D reason: Exercise at least three times per week
Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with heart failure as it helps improve cardiovascular health, increase stamina, and reduce symptoms. However, the exercise regimen should be tailored to the individual’s condition and capabilities. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and effective exercise plan. Cardiac rehabilitation programs can also provide structured exercise guidance and support.
NGNs
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Albuterol is primarily a bronchodilator and does not significantly reduce inflammation. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, are typically used to address inflammation in the airways.
Choice B reason:
While albuterol can help reduce coughing episodes by opening the airways and making breathing easier, it is not its primary function. Coughing can be a symptom of bronchospasm, which albuterol helps to relieve.
Choice C reason:
Albuterol is effective in preventing wheezing by relaxing the muscles around the airways, which helps to open them up and allow more air to flow through. This action helps to alleviate wheezing, a common symptom of asthma and other respiratory conditions.
Choice D reason:
The primary function of albuterol is to open the airways. It is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and making it easier to breathe.
Choice E reason:
Albuterol does not stimulate the flow of mucus. Its main action is to relax the airway muscles and improve airflow. Mucus production is typically managed by other medications or treatments.
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