A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?

Dystonia

Tardive dyskinesia

Parkinsonism

Akathisia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Dystonia - Dystonia presents as sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements or postures. It is an acute extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine but typically manifests as sudden-onset muscle spasms rather than involuntary movements of the tongue and face.

B. Tardive dyskinesia - Tardive dyskinesia is a late-appearing movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the face, tongue, and limbs. It is associated with long-term use of antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine and typically develops after months to years of treatment.

C. Parkinsonism - Parkinsonism resembles Parkinson's disease and is characterized by symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. While antipsychotic medications can cause Parkinsonism as an adverse effect, it usually presents with symptoms different from those described in the scenario.

D. Akathisia - Akathisia is characterized by an inner feeling of restlessness and the urge to move, often accompanied by pacing and inability to sit still. It is an acute extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medications but does not manifest as involuntary movements of the tongue and face as described in the scenario.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Clamping the catheter: Clamping the catheter may interrupt the flow of fluids or medications, which could worsen the client's condition. This action is not appropriate as the first intervention.

B. Initiate oxygen therapy: Acute shortness of breath is a critical symptom that requires immediate intervention to ensure adequate oxygenation. Initiating oxygen therapy is the priority action to improve the client's oxygenation status while further assessment and interventions are conducted.

C. Auscultate breath sounds: Assessing breath sounds is an essential component of the assessment for a client experiencing shortness of breath. However, in this scenario, the priority is to ensure the client's oxygenation needs are met by initiating oxygen therapy first.

D. Position the client in left lateral Trendelenburg: Positioning the client in left lateral Trendelenburg may help optimize oxygenation by improving blood flow and ventilation-perfusion matching. However, this action is not the priority compared to initiating oxygen therapy, which directly addresses the client's respiratory distress.

A. Protamine B. Naloxone C. Diphenhydramine D. Flumazenil

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Protamine: Protamine is used as an antidote for heparin, not for benzodiazepines.

B. Naloxone: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids, such as morphine or heroin. It does not antagonize the effects of benzodiazepines.

C. Diphenhydramine: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine medication commonly used for allergy relief and as a sleep aid. It does not antagonize the effects of benzodiazepines.

D. Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. It is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose or to rapidly reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases such as anesthesia recovery. Therefore, it is the correct option for antagonizing benzodiazepines.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a central venous catheter and develops acute shortness of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the antagonist action of medications. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following antagonist medications is used for benzodiazepines?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?

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