A nurse is discussing the norming stage of the group development process with a student nurse. Which of the following statements by the student indicates understanding of the discussion?

This stage is when testing occurs to identify boundaries of interpersonal behaviors.

Consensus evolves in this stage.

This stage involves constructive efforts on the part of the group members.

Resistance is evident as subgroups form in this stage.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

The statement “This stage is when testing occurs to identify boundaries of interpersonal behaviors” describes the storming stage of group development. During the storming stage, group members test boundaries and challenge each other, leading to conflicts and disagreements.

Choice B reason:

The norming stage is characterized by the development of group cohesion and consensus. During this stage, group members start to resolve their differences, appreciate each other’s strengths, and work together more effectively. Consensus evolves as the group establishes norms and agrees on common goals.

Choice C reason:

While constructive efforts are part of the norming stage, the statement is too vague to indicate a clear understanding of this specific stage. Constructive efforts can occur in various stages of group development, including performing.

Choice D reason:

Resistance and the formation of subgroups are typical of the storming stage, not the norming stage. In the storming stage, conflicts and power struggles are common as group members assert their opinions and roles.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Vesicles on the skin are more commonly associated with cutaneous anthrax, not inhalation anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax typically presents with a raised, itchy bump that develops into a painless sore with a black center.

Choice B Reason:

Respiratory failure is a severe and common symptom of inhalation anthrax. Inhalation anthrax begins with flu-like symptoms but can rapidly progress to severe respiratory distress, shock, and often death if not treated promptly.

Choice C Reason:

Flu-like symptoms are indeed an early sign of inhalation anthrax, but they are not specific enough to indicate exposure definitively. These symptoms include sore throat, mild fever, fatigue, and muscle aches.

Choice D Reason:

Coughing of blood can occur in the later stages of inhalation anthrax as the disease progresses and the respiratory system becomes severely compromised.

A. Airborne B. Contact C. Protective D. Droplet

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Airborne

Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted through tiny airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air and be inhaled by others. Examples of diseases requiring airborne precautions include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox. These diseases can spread over long distances and through ventilation systems. Pertussis, however, is not transmitted via airborne particles but rather through larger respiratory droplets.

Choice B reason: Contact

Contact precautions are used for infections that are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient’s environment. This includes infections like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). While contact precautions are important for preventing the spread of certain infections, pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets, making droplet precautions more appropriate.

Choice C reason: Protective

Protective precautions, also known as reverse isolation, are used to protect immunocompromised patients from potential infections. This type of precaution is not intended to prevent the spread of infections from the patient to others but rather to protect the patient from external sources of infection. Examples include patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with severe immunodeficiency. Pertussis does not require protective precautions as it is not about protecting the patient from others.

Choice D reason: Droplet

Droplet precautions are the appropriate transmission-based precautions for pertussis. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is spread through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can travel short distances and can infect others who are in close proximity. Droplet precautions include wearing a mask when within 3 feet of the patient, placing the patient in a private room if possible, and ensuring that the patient wears a mask if they need to be transported.

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A nurse is discussing the norming stage of the group development process with a student nurse. Which of the following statements by the student indicates understanding of the discussion?

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