A nurse is preparing a breast cancer presentation for a health forum. Which fact would the nurse expect to address in this presentation?

African American women have the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gene.

American white women respond better to breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer is more advanced in African American women when found.

More Hispanic women smoke, which increases their risk.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: African American women have the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gene is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a misconception. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are genes that normally help prevent breast and ovarian cancer by repairing DNA damage. However, mutations in these genes can increase the risk of developing these cancers. BRCA mutations are not exclusive to African American women, but they can affect any race or ethnicity. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 12% of American white women and 10% of African American women have a BRCA mutation.

Choice B: American white women respond better to breast cancer treatment is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a disparity. Breast cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. The response to treatment can vary depending on various factors such as tumor type, stage, grade, or molecular profile. However, some studies have shown that American white women have better survival rates and outcomes than African-American women after breast cancer treatment. This disparity may be due to differences in access to care, quality of care, socioeconomic status, or biological factors.

Choice C: Breast cancer is more advanced in African American women when found is the correct answer because it is a fact and a disparity. Breast cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells grow and invade the breast tissue or other parts of the body. The stage of breast cancer describes how far the cancer has spread and how serious it is. Breast cancer can be detected by screening tests such as mammograms or clinical exams such as breast self-exams. However, some studies have shown that African American women are more likely than American white women to be diagnosed with breast cancer at later stages. This disparity may be due to differences in screening rates, awareness, symptoms, or tumor biology.

Choice D: More Hispanic women smoke, which increases their risk is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a misconception. Smoking is a risk factor for breast cancer, as it can damage the DNA of breast cells and increase the levels of hormones that stimulate cell growth. However, smoking rates are not higher among Hispanic women than other racial or ethnic groups. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 14% of Hispanic women smoke cigarettes compared to 16% of American white women and 14% of African American women.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle does not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are pills that contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation and pregnancy. They can also help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce menstrual pain and bleeding. Some women with migraine headaches may benefit from oral contraceptives, especially if their migraines are related to hormonal fluctuations or menstruation. However, oral contraceptives may worsen migraines in some women, especially if they have aura (visual or sensory disturbances) or other risk factors for stroke. Therefore, oral contraceptives should be used with caution and under medical supervision in women with migraine headaches.

Choice B: A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease does not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries) that can cause pain, fever, discharge, or infertility. It can be caused by various bacteria, often sexually transmitted ones such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Oral contraceptives do not protect against STIs or PID, but they may reduce the risk of PID by thickening the cervical mucus and preventing bacteria from entering the uterus. Therefore, oral contraceptives can be used safely in women with a history of PID, but they should also use condoms or other barrier methods to prevent STIs.

Choice C: A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease does not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Benign breast disease (BBD) is a term that refers to various noncancerous conditions that affect the breast tissue, such as cysts, fibroadenomas, or mastitis. They can cause symptoms such as lumps, pain, or tenderness in the breasts. Oral contraceptives do not cause or increase the risk of BBD, but they may improve some symptoms of BBD by stabilizing the hormonal levels and reducing breast tissue sensitivity. Therefore, oral contraceptives can be used safely in women with BBD, but they should also have regular breast exams and mammograms to monitor their breast health.

Choice D: A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Smoking is a habit that involves inhaling the smoke of tobacco or other substances that can cause various health problems, such as lung cancer, heart disease, or stroke. Oral contraceptives can increase the risk of these problems, especially in women who are older than 35 years or smoke more than 15 cigarettes per day. Smoking and oral contraceptives can interact and cause blood clots, high blood pressure, or reduced blood flow to the organs. Therefore, oral contraceptives should be avoided or discontinued in women who smoke, and alternative methods of contraception should be used.

A. Baby oil is an acceptable lubricant. B. Ensure a tight fit of the condom. C. Only use latex condoms. D. Place the condom on an erect penis. E. Store the condoms in a cool dry place.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Baby oil is not an acceptable lubricant, as it can damage the condom and reduce its effectiveness. The students should use water-based or silicone-based lubricants instead.

Choice B reason: Ensuring a tight fit of the condom is not advisable, as it can cause discomfort and increase the risk of breakage. The students should leave some space at the tip of the condom to collect semen and prevent spillage.

Choice C reason: Only using latex condoms is correct, as they are more effective than other materials in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The students should avoid using condoms made of natural skin or lambskin, as they are porous and can allow viruses to pass through.

Choice D reason: Placing the condom on an erect penis is correct, as it ensures proper application and prevents slippage. The students should unroll the condom over the entire length of the penis before any sexual contact.

Choice E reason: Storing the condoms in a cool dry place is correct, as it prevents exposure to heat, moisture, sunlight, or sharp objects that can damage the condom. The students should check the expiration date and integrity of the condom before use.

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A nurse is preparing a breast cancer presentation for a health forum. Which fact would the nurse expect to address in this presentation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients. The nurse should identify which of the following clients has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The public health nurse is teaching young adolescents in a sexual health class the proper use of a condom. Which statements made by the students indicate teaching was successful? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is leading a discussion about contraception with a group of 14-year-old clients. After the presentation, a client asks the nurse which method would be best for her to use. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is assessing a female client and suspects that the client may have endometrial polyps based on which clinical manifestation?

A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocortisone 100 mg IM daily to a client. Available as hydrocortisone 250 mg/2 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

A nurse reading a journal article about the care of a woman with pelvic organ prolapse would expect to find information on which disorder. Select all that apply.

To assist the woman in regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery, the nurse should teach the client to perform which action?

A nurse is working with a woman who has been diagnosed with severe fibrocystic breast disease. After describing the medications that can be used as treatment, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client identifies which drug as being used?