A nurse is preparing a breast cancer presentation for a health forum. Which fact would the nurse expect to address in this presentation?

African American women have the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gene.

American white women respond better to breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer is more advanced in African American women when found.

More Hispanic women smoke, which increases their risk.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: African American women have the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gene is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a misconception. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are genes that normally help prevent breast and ovarian cancer by repairing DNA damage. However, mutations in these genes can increase the risk of developing these cancers. BRCA mutations are not exclusive to African American women, but they can affect any race or ethnicity. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 12% of American white women and 10% of African American women have a BRCA mutation.

Choice B: American white women respond better to breast cancer treatment is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a disparity. Breast cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. The response to treatment can vary depending on various factors such as tumor type, stage, grade, or molecular profile. However, some studies have shown that American white women have better survival rates and outcomes than African-American women after breast cancer treatment. This disparity may be due to differences in access to care, quality of care, socioeconomic status, or biological factors.

Choice C: Breast cancer is more advanced in African American women when found is the correct answer because it is a fact and a disparity. Breast cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells grow and invade the breast tissue or other parts of the body. The stage of breast cancer describes how far the cancer has spread and how serious it is. Breast cancer can be detected by screening tests such as mammograms or clinical exams such as breast self-exams. However, some studies have shown that African American women are more likely than American white women to be diagnosed with breast cancer at later stages. This disparity may be due to differences in screening rates, awareness, symptoms, or tumor biology.

Choice D: More Hispanic women smoke, which increases their risk is not the correct answer because it is not a fact but a misconception. Smoking is a risk factor for breast cancer, as it can damage the DNA of breast cells and increase the levels of hormones that stimulate cell growth. However, smoking rates are not higher among Hispanic women than other racial or ethnic groups. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 14% of Hispanic women smoke cigarettes compared to 16% of American white women and 14% of African American women.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A:This response suggests that a physical examination is necessary before providing contraceptive advice. While a healthcare provider may conduct a physical examination as part of comprehensive care, making it a prerequisite for discussing contraception can create barriers for adolescents seeking information. Emphasizing a physical exam may deter open communication, as adolescents might feel apprehensive or judged. Effective contraceptive counseling should prioritize building rapport and understanding the individual's needs and concerns before proceeding to clinical

Choice B: "You are so young. Are you ready for the responsibilities of a sexual relationship?" This response is inappropriate and judgmental because it implies that the client is too immature or irresponsible to have a sexual relationship. It also discourages the client from seeking help or information from the nurse and may make her feel ashamed or guilty about her sexuality.

Choice C: "Because of your age, I think that a barrier method would be the best choice." This response is inappropriate and paternalistic because it assumes that the nurse knows what is best for the client without considering her individual situation or preferences. It also limits the client's options and may not address her specific needs or concerns.

Choice D:This response is appropriate as it seeks to gather more information about the adolescent's sexual activity, which is crucial for providing tailored contraceptive advice. Understanding the individual's sexual behavior, frequency of activity, number of partners, and risk factors allows the healthcare provider to recommend the most suitable contraceptive methods and address any concerns about sexually transmitted infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlight the importance of personalized counseling that takes into account the adolescent's specific circumstances to promote effective contraceptive use and sexual health.

A. Vaginal intercourse can be resumed after 2 weeks. B. Products of conception will be present in vaginal bleeding. C. Increased intake of zinc-rich foods is recommended. D. Aspirin may be taken for cramps.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Vaginal intercourse can be resumed after 2 weeks.

Reason: After a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure, it is generally recommended to avoid vaginal intercourse for about 2 weeks. This allows the cervix and uterus to heal and reduces the risk of infection. Engaging in sexual activity too soon can introduce bacteria into the uterus, which is particularly vulnerable following the procedure.

Choice B: Products of conception will be present in vaginal bleeding.

Reason: This statement is incorrect. After a D&C, the products of conception should have been removed during the procedure. While some bleeding is normal, it should not contain products of conception. Instead, the bleeding should be similar to a menstrual period.

Choice C: Increased intake of zinc-rich foods is recommended.

Reason: There is no specific recommendation for increasing zinc intake following a D&C. The focus is typically on general post-operative care, such as rest, hydration, and monitoring for signs of infection. While a balanced diet is always beneficial, there is no evidence suggesting that zinc-rich foods are particularly necessary after this procedure.

Choice D: Aspirin may be taken for cramps.

Reason: This statement is incorrect. Aspirin is generally not recommended for pain relief after a D&C because it can increase the risk of bleeding. Instead, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are usually recommended for managing cramps and pain.

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A nurse is preparing a breast cancer presentation for a health forum. Which fact would the nurse expect to address in this presentation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is leading a discussion about contraception with a group of 14-year-old clients. After the presentation, a client asks the nurse which method would be best for her to use. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse in the ambulatory surgery center is providing discharge teaching to a client who had a dilation and curettage (D&C) following a spontaneous miscarriage. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who is one day postoperative following a left radical mastectomy. Which of the following behaviors should alert the nurse to the possibility that the client is having difficulty adjusting to the loss of her breast?

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